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中藥材種植：“科技化、機械化、生態(tài)化”為三大轉(zhuǎn)型趨勢

2022-03-25 10:05:48 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：40484 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近年來，中藥材價格上漲，中藥材種植業(yè)(中藥農(nóng)業(yè))作為勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展空間越來越小,很多種植企業(yè)(大戶〉已不堪重負(fù)，迫切需要機械化技術(shù)與裝備的支撐。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】近10年，國內(nèi)中藥材生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域，無論是基地建設(shè)還是種植面積，都保持高速增長。據(jù)天地云圖數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示，截至2020年底，我國中藥材注冊合作社達(dá)26.7萬家，種植基地約為1.23萬個。尤其在疫情爆發(fā)后，中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了廣泛關(guān)注和快速發(fā)展。
 
　　近年來，中藥材價格上漲，中藥材種植業(yè)(中藥農(nóng)業(yè))作為勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展空間越來越小,很多種植企業(yè)(大戶〉已不堪重負(fù)，迫切需要機械化技術(shù)與裝備的支撐。
 
　　日前，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司下發(fā)《關(guān)于推介蔬菜適宜品種全程機械化生產(chǎn)模式與典型案例的通知》，青島市農(nóng)技中心總結(jié)形成的“中藥材丹參機械化生產(chǎn)模式”入選，成為全國12個典型案例之一，予以在全國推廣，也為山東省中藥材丹參種植區(qū)推進(jìn)全程機械化提供了可行性解決方案。下一步，青島市農(nóng)技中心將繼續(xù)同山東省中藥材創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊機械崗位緊密合作，立足實際，不斷加大改進(jìn)和研發(fā)中藥材專用農(nóng)業(yè)機械的工作力度，促進(jìn)農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝的相互結(jié)合和配套，為中藥材規(guī)?；C械化生產(chǎn)提供技術(shù)和服務(wù)支撐。
 
　　《“十四五”全國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》提出，因地制宜推進(jìn)中藥材生產(chǎn)機械化，著力突破機收環(huán)節(jié)瓶頸。2021年，根莖類中藥材機械化種收技術(shù)在甘肅省定西、隴南、天水等十多個縣建立了試驗、示范點，通過核心示范、輻射帶動了大面積推廣，近五年來累計推廣100多萬畝。
 
　　該技術(shù)適宜于規(guī)模化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植及立地條件適合發(fā)展機械化技術(shù)的地區(qū)。主要包括：機械化種植、機械化收獲技術(shù)，主要技術(shù)模式分別為：直播、移栽和分段、聯(lián)合收獲。能有效解決根莖類中藥材生產(chǎn)中傳統(tǒng)人工作業(yè)勞動力密集，尤其是種植和收獲關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)依靠人畜力作業(yè)，勞動強度大、耗工費時、生產(chǎn)成本高和生產(chǎn)科技含量低、規(guī)模化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)程度低的不足。
 
　　據(jù)試驗數(shù)據(jù)，該技術(shù)就種植、收獲和田間管理三個環(huán)節(jié)每畝節(jié)本增效在1200元以上，可減少勞動力投入、減輕勞動強度、提高生產(chǎn)效率、提升藥材品質(zhì)、降低生產(chǎn)成本、增加藥農(nóng)收入，促進(jìn)中藥材生產(chǎn)由傳統(tǒng)人工向機械化作業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變，具有良好的社會、經(jīng)濟、生態(tài)效益。
 
　　當(dāng)下，農(nóng)用機械在中藥材種植中日益受到重視，中藥材機械發(fā)展較快,正在經(jīng)歷從“可用”到“好用”的升級，中藥材機械的社會化服務(wù)也在勃然興起，中藥材生產(chǎn)機械化將成為中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要保障。中藥材種植正在從規(guī)范化、規(guī)模化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化向科技化、機械化、生態(tài)化轉(zhuǎn)型。從南到北，在即將全面展開的春耕中一批農(nóng)機將在中藥材生產(chǎn)中閃亮登場。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：天地云圖中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)中心、青島市農(nóng)技中心、甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術(shù)推廣總站、中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會。

上一篇： 突破機收環(huán)節(jié)瓶頸：我國中藥材生產(chǎn)機械化前景廣，挑戰(zhàn)大

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