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建設(shè)高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民隊伍,“高”在哪里?又該如何培養(yǎng)?

2020-06-03 17:37:09 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:51411 評論

導(dǎo)讀:我國鄉(xiāng)村人口約有5.6億,相比而言,不足2000萬的高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民占比還達不到0.04%,遠遠不能滿足鄉(xiāng)村全面振興和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化對鄉(xiāng)村人才的需求。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民是指“有文化、懂技術(shù)、善經(jīng)營、會管理”的農(nóng)民,他們代表著中國農(nóng)業(yè)的未來。日前,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部有關(guān)負責(zé)人在國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制舉行的新聞發(fā)布會上介紹,我國已經(jīng)形成一支1600萬人的高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民隊伍,在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展進程中起到了重要作用。
 
  但是,我國鄉(xiāng)村人口約有5.6億,相比而言,不足2000萬的高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民占比還達不到0.04%,遠遠不能滿足鄉(xiāng)村全面振興和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化對鄉(xiāng)村人才的需求。
 

  我們來看一組數(shù)據(jù):我國從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動的農(nóng)民中,從文化程度看,接受過高中教育的農(nóng)民占38.7%,大專及以上占15.8%;從技能等級看,農(nóng)村勞動力的整體技能水平不高,無技能等級的占33.8%,初級的占34.2%,中級的占27.9%,高級的僅占4.1%。農(nóng)村勞動力的整體文化程度雖然比前些年有所提高,但與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施對農(nóng)村勞動力文化程度的要求相比尚有一定的距離,特別是和國外農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達國家對農(nóng)民文化程度的要求相距甚遠。
 
  高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民“高”在哪里?總體來說,這類農(nóng)村人才需要具備有文化、懂技術(shù)、善經(jīng)營、會管理四個核心要素和愛農(nóng)業(yè)、愛農(nóng)村、敢創(chuàng)新、負責(zé)任、能穩(wěn)定五個基本要素,具有很強的市場意識、信息意識、科技意識、競爭意識、質(zhì)量意識和法制意識。
 
  全面建成小康社會,培育高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民意義重大
 
  5月29日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于做好2020年高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培育工作的通知》,對培育高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民工作作了安排部署,確定了具體思路。
 
  文件指出,2020年是全面建成小康社會實現(xiàn)之年,是全面打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)收官之年,加快培養(yǎng)有文化、懂技術(shù)、善經(jīng)營、會管理的高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民,推進一二三產(chǎn)融合發(fā)展,對實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,確保今年保供給、保增收、保小康具有重要意義??傮w思路是,以促進現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向,以滿足農(nóng)民理念知識技能需求為核心,以提升培育質(zhì)量效能為關(guān)鍵,深入推進農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)提質(zhì)增效三年行動,培育農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)理人等經(jīng)營管理型、種養(yǎng)大戶等專業(yè)生產(chǎn)型和從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營性服務(wù)的技能服務(wù)型高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民100萬人,推進農(nóng)民技能培訓(xùn)與學(xué)歷教育有效銜接,加快形成促進高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民全面發(fā)展的政策體系。
 
  在重點任務(wù)上,文件要求在全面助力打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)的同時,分類培育現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)帶頭人、推動農(nóng)民學(xué)歷教育提質(zhì)增效,并完善教育培訓(xùn)體系、拓寬高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民發(fā)展路徑。
 
  通力合作、資金支持,陜西省的做法是個很好的例子
 
  高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民的培養(yǎng)不是一朝一夕之事也并非單純某一個部門就能完成的,而是需要多部門通力合作。當(dāng)前,我國高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)體系仍然存在培訓(xùn)力量整合程度不夠、培訓(xùn)方式不夠“接地氣”、培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容針對性有待提升等問題,應(yīng)促進教育培訓(xùn)多元化,提升農(nóng)民和培訓(xùn)部門/機構(gòu)的獲得感和滿意度。在這點上,筆者認為陜西省此前印發(fā)的《2020年新型經(jīng)營主體發(fā)展項目實施方案》中涉及到的“新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育”是個很好的例子,內(nèi)容詳細,方法多樣。
 
  從總體目標(biāo)來講,陜西省要在全省范圍內(nèi)加強產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧110技術(shù)服務(wù)體系建設(shè),確保技術(shù)服務(wù)扎實有效開展;建設(shè)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)實訓(xùn)基地;實施縣級農(nóng)廣校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè);培育200名農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)理人;培訓(xùn)300名高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)師資。
 
  在具體操作上,陜西省安排近2000萬資金對項目建設(shè)和培訓(xùn)主體進行補助,并明確了資金使用方向:
 
  產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧110技術(shù)體系建設(shè)主要用于以提高產(chǎn)業(yè)貧困戶生產(chǎn)技能為導(dǎo)向,開展普及性技術(shù)培訓(xùn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)服務(wù)、技術(shù)干部包聯(lián)等技術(shù)幫扶;
 
  創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)實訓(xùn)基地建設(shè)主要用于基地改善培訓(xùn)設(shè)施,建立實訓(xùn)指導(dǎo)教師隊伍,培訓(xùn)高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民,指導(dǎo)高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民進行實訓(xùn);
 
  縣級農(nóng)廣校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)主要用于縣級農(nóng)廣校改善培訓(xùn)硬件和軟件條件,建設(shè)遠程視頻教育培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng),配套儀器設(shè)備,建立培訓(xùn)師資隊伍等;
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)理人培訓(xùn)主要用于對農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)理人開展培訓(xùn)、指導(dǎo)幫扶、參觀交流學(xué)習(xí),實踐實訓(xùn)等;
 
  高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)師資主要用于對高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)教師和管理者進行培訓(xùn)、交流學(xué)習(xí)等。
 


圖表來源:陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳

  結(jié)語:農(nóng)村人才是強農(nóng)、興農(nóng)的根本,鄉(xiāng)村振興離不開高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民。專家預(yù)計,到2025年我國高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民隊伍總量將超過3300萬人,這將成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化新的重要支點,也將成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)實現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要保障。
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