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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部：秸稈綜合利用將由試點(diǎn)向全國鋪開

2018-10-23 13:40:46 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：29936 評論

導(dǎo)讀：我國實施秸稈綜合利用試點(diǎn)2年多來，全國秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)83.68%，8個試點(diǎn)省份穩(wěn)定在86%以上。近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在黑龍江召開的東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動現(xiàn)場交流暨成果展示會上表示，接下來秸稈綜合利用試點(diǎn)將向全國全面鋪開。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】我國實施秸稈綜合利用試點(diǎn)2年多來，全國秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)83.68%，8個試點(diǎn)省份穩(wěn)定在86%以上。近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在黑龍江召開的東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動現(xiàn)場交流暨成果展示會上表示，接下來秸稈綜合利用試點(diǎn)將向全國全面鋪開。
 
　　山西省立法禁止秸稈露天焚燒
 
　　日前，《山西省人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會關(guān)于促進(jìn)農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用和禁止露天焚燒的決定》(以下簡稱《決定》)正式對外發(fā)布，明確全省行政區(qū)域內(nèi)全面禁止露天焚燒秸稈?！稕Q定》對小麥、玉米、高粱、水稻、薯類、油料和雜糧等農(nóng)作物秸稈(以下簡稱秸稈)綜合利用和禁止露天焚燒作出明確規(guī)定。
 
　　《決定》對農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用的扶持和鼓勵是的。首先是財政上扶持。《決定》規(guī)定，縣級以上人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)將秸稈綜合利用資金納入本級財政預(yù)算，加大財政資金投入力度。省級財政統(tǒng)籌安排資金，支持秸稈綜合利用工作開展。市、縣級財政統(tǒng)籌使用資金，重點(diǎn)對秸稈綜合利用設(shè)施設(shè)備、秸稈收儲運(yùn)體系以及秸稈飼料加工、氣化、發(fā)電、固化成型等秸稈消耗量大的經(jīng)營主體按實際利用量進(jìn)行補(bǔ)助，對秸稈機(jī)械化還田、離田作業(yè)給予補(bǔ)貼。
 
　　其次，《決定》要求省人民政府制定和落實秸稈綜合利用鼓勵政策。土地方面：秸稈收儲設(shè)施用地執(zhí)行農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施用地政策；電價方面：將符合條件的秸稈撿拾、打捆、切割、粉碎、壓塊等初加工用電納入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)用電價格政策范圍，降低秸稈初加工成本；稅收方面：對秸稈收儲、加工、利用企業(yè)，落實國家有關(guān)稅收優(yōu)惠政策；金融信貸方面：落實國家關(guān)于促進(jìn)秸稈綜合利用產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的信貸政策；秸稈運(yùn)輸方面：對整車合法裝載捆扎打包后的秸稈運(yùn)輸車輛減免普通公路過路過橋費(fèi)；秸稈收儲方面：不分購置主體，凡是用于秸稈打捆、撿拾、固化成型等農(nóng)機(jī)全部納入農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼范圍；秸稈堆放轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)點(diǎn)和收儲點(diǎn)方面：對村級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化臨時堆放轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)點(diǎn)以及具有一定規(guī)模、具備相應(yīng)機(jī)械設(shè)備的收儲點(diǎn)，可以給予財政補(bǔ)貼。
 
　　《決定》還分別對農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用的五種方式，即肥料化、飼料化、能源化、基料化、原料化，分別規(guī)定了不同的扶持和鼓勵政策，便于各地因地制宜，促進(jìn)農(nóng)作物秸稈的綜合利用。
 
　　省人大常委會將組織常委會組成人員和省人大代表，適時對《決定》實施情況展開檢查，依法監(jiān)督《決定》的貫徹落實情況，實現(xiàn)2020年全省秸稈綜合利用達(dá)到85%的目標(biāo)。
 
　　江蘇省秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)92%
 
　　10月17日，江蘇省科技廳和省農(nóng)委在南京聯(lián)合召開秸稈綜合利用技術(shù)與推廣新聞發(fā)布會。會上，省科技廳發(fā)布秸稈綜合利用技術(shù)包等情況，得益于秸稈綜合利用技術(shù)的提高，秸稈正“變廢為寶”，不少地方利用秸稈創(chuàng)收，成為富民新途徑。
 
　　江蘇省太倉市東林村秸稈增值利用型現(xiàn)代農(nóng)牧循環(huán)發(fā)展模式，他們以秸稈飼料化增值利用為核心環(huán)節(jié)，按照構(gòu)建“稻麥生產(chǎn)、秸稈收集制飼料、秸稈飼料養(yǎng)殖肉羊、羊糞制肥、有機(jī)肥還田”的物質(zhì)循環(huán)閉鏈的技術(shù)思路。以太倉市東林農(nóng)場為核心，通過糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化、秸稈飼料化、肉羊養(yǎng)殖生態(tài)化、養(yǎng)殖廢棄物肥料化的途徑，打造形成現(xiàn)代農(nóng)牧循環(huán)生產(chǎn)方式。他們還利用秸稈開發(fā)秸稈制板、工業(yè)托盤、溫室墻體、運(yùn)輸墊材等副產(chǎn)品。目前，已實現(xiàn)年經(jīng)濟(jì)效益近千萬元，帶動周邊農(nóng)民致富，并產(chǎn)生良好生態(tài)、社會效益和示范帶動作用。
 
　　省農(nóng)委副主任蔡恒介紹，去年，全省秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)到92%。今年省級財政投入9.6億元，對秸稈利用實行按量補(bǔ)助。
 
　　長沙將實行嚴(yán)格農(nóng)作物秸稈禁燒制度
 
　　據(jù)悉，日前長沙市農(nóng)委出臺了《秸稈禁燒及綜合利用專項方案》(以下簡稱《方案》)，切實提升空氣質(zhì)量，改善農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境。據(jù)悉，長沙將實行嚴(yán)格的農(nóng)作物秸稈禁燒制度。力爭至2020年，全市范圍內(nèi)基本消除露天焚燒農(nóng)作物秸稈現(xiàn)象；全面提高秸稈資源化利用水平，年底秸稈綜合利用率達(dá)到90%。
 
　　《方案》要求，全市范圍內(nèi)作業(yè)的農(nóng)作物收割機(jī)加裝碎草裝置下田作業(yè)，將農(nóng)作物秸稈粉碎還田作肥料，同時試點(diǎn)利用生物菌劑將農(nóng)作物秸稈堆漚還田和降解還田技術(shù)。
 
　　繼續(xù)投入打捆機(jī)、大型打包機(jī)、運(yùn)輸車、地磅、抓草機(jī)、裝載機(jī)、草繩機(jī)、收割機(jī)等各類移除收儲及利用設(shè)備，擴(kuò)大稻草移除收儲站輻射范圍，建立稻草收儲運(yùn)體系。推進(jìn)秸稈肥料化、飼料化和燃料化。通過采用新工藝、新方法，將農(nóng)作物秸稈制造成生物有機(jī)肥、飼料和生物質(zhì)碳棒，提升其利用價值。
 
　　建立健全秸稈資源化利用服務(wù)體系。在全市鋪排建設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用中心，通過生物轉(zhuǎn)化、有機(jī)肥轉(zhuǎn)化或其他利用方式，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)作物秸稈等農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用，提高農(nóng)作物秸稈的收集存儲和資源化利用水平。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：山西省人民政府網(wǎng)站、新華日報、長沙晚報，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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