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我國(guó)橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)正逐步走上機(jī)械化“快車道”

2018-01-18 15:08:19 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：17680 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：如何減輕膠工工作？如何降低生產(chǎn)成本？割膠行業(yè)在實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械采膠、解決產(chǎn)業(yè)用工荒、膠價(jià)成本上漲等難題的道路上走的“大步流星”。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】種莊稼的人被稱為“農(nóng)民”，而種橡膠的人雖然也是農(nóng)民，但卻常常被叫做“膠工”。但由于割膠勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、收入低，越來(lái)越多的年輕人不愿意從事這份工作；并且，近幾年膠價(jià)低迷，人工成本不斷上揚(yáng)，植膠企業(yè)和大戶不得不面臨這巨大的成本壓力。
 
　　如何減輕膠工工作？如何降低生產(chǎn)成本？割膠行業(yè)在實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械采膠、解決產(chǎn)業(yè)用工荒、膠價(jià)成本上漲等難題的道路上走的“大步流星”。
 
　　機(jī)械研發(fā)在路上
 
　　中國(guó)熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院專門成立了智能割膠機(jī)械攻關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，以研發(fā)電動(dòng)膠刀為突破口，適時(shí)開(kāi)展全自動(dòng)智能化采膠機(jī)械研發(fā)。2017年4月25日，熱科院橡膠所正式推出代4GXJ- 1型便攜式電動(dòng)膠刀，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)有望結(jié)束延續(xù)幾十年的純?nèi)斯じ钅z現(xiàn)狀，進(jìn)入電動(dòng)機(jī)械化采膠時(shí)代。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)已有多家企業(yè)在研發(fā)電動(dòng)割膠機(jī)。
 
　　隨著信息化在各行各業(yè)的逐步滲入，只要在手機(jī)端輕輕一點(diǎn)，機(jī)器就能代替人工割膠的“割膠機(jī)器人”出現(xiàn)在行業(yè)舞臺(tái)上。據(jù)《三農(nóng)中國(guó)》報(bào)道，近日在海南省紅光農(nóng)場(chǎng)，一場(chǎng)割膠界的機(jī)器與人工間的較量正在展開(kāi)。在面對(duì)割膠是否厚薄均勻的問(wèn)題上，“割膠機(jī)器人”以采取有力的自下而上的方式，來(lái)確保每一個(gè)點(diǎn)都能平均的把乳管切斷，得到的橡膠品質(zhì)贏得參觀者好評(píng)。
 
　　“膠工”培訓(xùn)后備力量足
 
　　中國(guó)熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院副院長(zhǎng)謝江輝坦言，“我國(guó)天然橡膠種植面積超過(guò)1700萬(wàn)畝，人力割膠成本占到生產(chǎn)成本的60%以上。”這也是天然橡膠行業(yè)幾十年來(lái)的發(fā)展“痛點(diǎn)”。橡膠樹(shù)佳產(chǎn)膠時(shí)間是在凌晨的3、4點(diǎn)鐘，幾十年來(lái)，起早摸黑就成了老膠工的寫(xiě)照。另外，由于近年來(lái)天然橡膠價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)低于成本價(jià)格，農(nóng)墾膠園和植膠種植戶連續(xù)虧本經(jīng)營(yíng)，膠工收入難以維持生計(jì)，再加上老膠工逐漸退休，膠工短缺變成為了制約天然橡膠發(fā)展的瓶頸。
 
　　西雙版納作為我國(guó)橡膠重要產(chǎn)地，在代電動(dòng)割膠機(jī)推廣之后，割膠培訓(xùn)技術(shù)隨之在各地展開(kāi)。2017年8月，橡膠研究所專家組先后到勐臘縣橡膠技術(shù)推廣站、勐滿農(nóng)場(chǎng)開(kāi)展、勐醒農(nóng)場(chǎng)、景洪農(nóng)場(chǎng)等西雙版納各地開(kāi)展電動(dòng)膠刀割膠培訓(xùn)課程，已有百余人參加培訓(xùn)。
 
　　據(jù)有著8年割膠經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老農(nóng)介紹，“一個(gè)成熟的老膠工平均割一棵樹(shù)需要1分鐘左右，而機(jī)器作業(yè)僅需30秒。同時(shí)，由于機(jī)器的度不會(huì)對(duì)橡膠樹(shù)造成傷害，也使橡膠樹(shù)的割膠壽命延長(zhǎng)，產(chǎn)量能增加30%-40%左右。”
 
　　由此可見(jiàn)，割膠機(jī)械的出現(xiàn)不但減輕了膠工的勞動(dòng)力，也大大降低了生產(chǎn)成本。另外，隨著掌握割膠機(jī)械的新興職業(yè)“膠工”數(shù)增多，不僅增加了我國(guó)橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)的后備力量，而且為壯大我國(guó)橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

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