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從再生能源到機械化 你對甘蔗的了解有多少？

2017-12-20 13:09:03 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：54100 評論

導讀：生物質(zhì)能源作為一種潔凈而又可再生的能源，是惟一可替代化石能源轉(zhuǎn)化成氣態(tài)、液態(tài)和固態(tài)燃料以及其它化工原料或者產(chǎn)品的碳資源。作為開發(fā)利用發(fā)展新型能源的重要選擇，一直是可再生能源領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的焦點。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】生物質(zhì)能源作為一種潔凈而又可再生的能源，是惟一可替代化石能源轉(zhuǎn)化成氣態(tài)、液態(tài)和固態(tài)燃料以及其它化工原料或者產(chǎn)品的碳資源。作為開發(fā)利用發(fā)展新型能源的重要選擇，一直是可再生能源領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的焦點。
 
       生物質(zhì)能應用技術(shù)需求迫切
 
　　生物質(zhì)的來源有很多種類，其中，植物類中主要有木材、農(nóng)作物(秸稈、稻草、麥稈、豆稈、棉花稈、谷殼等)、雜草、藻類等。非植物類中主要有動物糞便、動物尸體、廢水中的有機成分、垃圾中的有機成分等。按原料的化學性質(zhì)分，主要為糖類、淀粉和木質(zhì)纖維素類。目前可供利用開發(fā)的資源主要為生物質(zhì)廢棄物，包括農(nóng)作物秸稈、禽畜糞便、工業(yè)有機廢棄物和城市固體有機垃圾、林業(yè)生物質(zhì)、能源作物等。
 
　　12月4日，國家能源局和環(huán)保部發(fā)布《關(guān)于開展燃煤耦合生物質(zhì)發(fā)電技改試點工作的通知》，試圖破解秸稈田間直焚等環(huán)境治理難題。《通知》提出，國家將開展燃煤耦合農(nóng)林廢棄殘余物發(fā)電技改項目、燃煤耦合垃圾發(fā)電和燃煤耦合污泥發(fā)電技改項目試點。據(jù)悉，截止目前已有近20家發(fā)電企業(yè)報來請求開展耦合發(fā)電技術(shù)改造試點工作的請示。
 
　　生物質(zhì)能應用與甘蔗密切相關(guān)
 
　　我國農(nóng)作物秸稈年產(chǎn)量約6億噸，除部分作為造紙原料和畜牧飼料外，約3億噸可作為燃料使用，折合約1.5億噸標準煤。其它農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物約1.3億噸。農(nóng)作物秸稈中除了麥桿、棉花稈等以外，甘蔗桿以及甘蔗渣也是重要的生物質(zhì)來源之一。
 
　　目前已經(jīng)成為世界上大的乙醇生產(chǎn)和消費國的巴西，其生產(chǎn)乙醇的原料主要是甘蔗。2012-2013年，巴西甘蔗產(chǎn)量達5.6億噸，其中一半以上用于生產(chǎn)乙醇，是*二大乙醇生產(chǎn)國。2017年5月，巴西甘蔗行業(yè)協(xié)會UNICA上周預測，2017-2018年度巴西中南部甘蔗壓榨量為5.85億噸，乙醇產(chǎn)量為247億升。
 
　　巴西也是世界上大的乙醇出口國，其乙醇生產(chǎn)總量的15%用于出口，主要銷往美國、印度、韓國、日本、牙買加等國。
 
　　甘蔗機械化問題仍待破解
 
　　目前，我國燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟，“十五”期間，我國已在黑龍江、吉林、河南、安徽4省建成4個生物燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)試點項目，國內(nèi)部分地區(qū)已基本實現(xiàn)車用乙醇汽油替代普通無鉛汽油。乙醇汽油占全國汽油總消費量的20%，我國已成為世界上繼巴西、美國之后的第三大生物燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)國和應用國。
 
　　我國甘蔗生產(chǎn)種植主要分布在廣西等地。2017年12月12日，以“搭建交流合作平臺，推進甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化”為主題的2017中國甘蔗機械化博覽會在廣西來賓落幕。與去年相比，今年的博覽會在參展企業(yè)數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都有了突飛猛進的提升，同時，還成功舉辦了首屆甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化研討會。
 
　　通過此次研討會后，關(guān)于我國甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化問題仍有待破解，例如：土地整理的技術(shù)和方法、信息化技術(shù)的運用、降低甘蔗生產(chǎn)成本的途徑、適合機械化作業(yè)的品種選育等。中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化協(xié)會劉憲指出，“目前，推進中國甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化已經(jīng)有了良好的政策和資金環(huán)境，迫切需要研討會這樣務(wù)實的技術(shù)活動為甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化提供學術(shù)研究和理論技術(shù)方面的支持。”
 
　　中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.qktnz.cn)原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。
 
　　資料來源：中國能源網(wǎng)
 

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