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黃淮華北出現(xiàn)棉鈴蟲(chóng)遷飛高峰 警惕二代幼蟲(chóng)集中危害

2024-06-24 08:38:26 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：13155 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：6月下旬至7月上旬氣象條件對(duì)北方二代棉鈴蟲(chóng)發(fā)生有利，預(yù)計(jì)今年二代棉鈴蟲(chóng)在北方大部玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等作物上偏重發(fā)生，在棉田偏輕發(fā)生。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 據(jù)各地農(nóng)作物病蟲(chóng)害監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域站監(jiān)測(cè)，6月以來(lái)一代棉鈴蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)進(jìn)入盛發(fā)期，黃淮、華北和東北蛾峰偏早、誘蛾量偏高，6月下旬至7月上旬氣象條件對(duì)北方二代棉鈴蟲(chóng)發(fā)生有利，預(yù)計(jì)今年二代棉鈴蟲(chóng)在北方大部玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等作物上偏重發(fā)生，在棉田偏輕發(fā)生，全國(guó)發(fā)生面積3500萬(wàn)畝，二代幼蟲(chóng)為害盛期在6月下旬至7月上旬。
 
　　一代蛾峰早、蛾量高
 
　　江淮和黃淮南部等一代蟲(chóng)源區(qū)蛾峰日集中在6月上旬末，遷出區(qū)大部蛾量低于2023年同期。截至6月9日，河南安陽(yáng)、淮陽(yáng)、長(zhǎng)葛、民權(quán)等地智能測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量分別為1477頭、1248頭、251頭、234頭，比去年同期減少70%以上。截至6月16日，安徽阜南高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量6231頭，比去年同期減少56.3%；蕭縣、阜南測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量分別為1663頭、157頭，與去年同期持平。截至6月17日，江蘇徐州豐縣測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量882頭，比去年同期減少65.9%。
 
　　黃淮北部和華北大部遷入?yún)^(qū)蛾峰日集中在6月上旬末至中旬中期，多個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)蛾量接近或超過(guò)2023年同期。截至6月17日，河北吳橋、欒城、正定高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量分別為36861頭、7236頭、4085頭，其中吳橋、正定均是去年同期的2.9倍，欒城接近去年同期；大名、巨鹿、寧晉、臨西、正定、深澤、高邑、故城、饒陽(yáng)、棗強(qiáng)、阜城、滄縣、大成、文安、鹿泉、安次等16個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量均超過(guò)1000頭，累計(jì)誘蛾量超千頭的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)數(shù)量是去年的3倍，蛾峰日多在6月9—13日，比去年早5天左右，峰日蛾量多為幾百頭。截至6月16日，山東煙臺(tái)龍口高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量為2254頭，是去年同期的2.1倍；全省9個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量在100—1000頭，此外，商河、鄆城、鄄城分別為5765頭、1320頭、1276頭，與去年同期持平，蛾峰日集中在6月9—15日，峰日蛾量多在幾十至200頭，商河6月9日最高2795頭。
 
　　東北地區(qū)陸續(xù)見(jiàn)蛾，蛾量接近或略低于2023年同期。截至6月16日，內(nèi)蒙古烏拉特前旗高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量212頭，比全年同期高12.8%；烏拉特前旗、磴口、臨河區(qū)測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量34—88頭，低于去年同期。截至6月17日，遼寧建平測(cè)報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量28頭，略低于去年同期；喀左6月18日出現(xiàn)蛾峰，比去年早10天，峰日單個(gè)誘蛾器平均誘蛾量79頭。
 
　　另?yè)?jù)全國(guó)昆蟲(chóng)雷達(dá)聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)(http://ippiot.com/radar)監(jiān)測(cè)，6月4—13日，黃淮、華北、東北的5部昆蟲(chóng)雷達(dá)持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)到棉鈴蟲(chóng)跨區(qū)遷飛高密度種群。其中，6月11日晚至12日凌晨為集中遷飛高峰，當(dāng)晚河南七里營(yíng)、濟(jì)陽(yáng)，山東北隍島，遼寧東港，吉林公主嶺昆蟲(chóng)雷達(dá)實(shí)測(cè)棉鈴蟲(chóng)高空種群生物量0.5萬(wàn)—2.3萬(wàn)頭(注：5 部雷達(dá)均為垂測(cè)工作模式，波束寬度為 1.5°±0.2°，探測(cè)高度為 100—2000米)。
 
　　寄主作物布局有利于棉鈴蟲(chóng)發(fā)生為害
 
　　當(dāng)前，黃淮、華北、東北等地玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等棉鈴蟲(chóng)喜食作物種植面積大，且間作、套作等復(fù)合種植模式多，且夏玉米、大豆等多處于苗期，為二代棉鈴蟲(chóng)繁殖為害提供了充足的食料條件，需警惕棉鈴蟲(chóng)集中遷入后造成危害。
 
　　天氣條件對(duì)遷入?yún)^(qū)幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)生為害有利
 
　　據(jù)國(guó)家氣候中心預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái)20天，黃淮南部、江淮等地累計(jì)降水量有50—120毫米、部分地區(qū)有150—200毫米，西北地區(qū)南部、華北東部、東北地區(qū)等地累計(jì)降水量有15—40毫米，東北部分地區(qū)有50—60毫米，上述大部地區(qū)累計(jì)降水量較常年同期偏多3—7成，部分地區(qū)偏多1倍以上，對(duì)棉鈴蟲(chóng)遷入種群產(chǎn)卵孵化和幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)生為害有利。
 
　　近年來(lái)，我國(guó)黃淮華北、東北南部和西北部分地區(qū)棉鈴蟲(chóng)種群明顯上升，二代至四代在棉田外玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等其他作物田為害呈加重趨勢(shì)。各地應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)各作物田的調(diào)查，及時(shí)指導(dǎo)開(kāi)展卵期和低齡幼蟲(chóng)期科學(xué)防治，降低危害損失水平。

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