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再奪豐收：今年我國糧食機收減損顯成效

2022-12-07 13:16:49 來源：農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：39382 評論

導讀：從各地實打實收和多方面反映來看，全年糧食將再奪好收成。

　　【農機網 編輯視角】據(jù)聯(lián)合國糧農組織數(shù)據(jù)，每年全球糧食從生產到零售全環(huán)節(jié)損失約占世界糧食產量的13.9%。這個損失降低1個百分點，就相當于增產2700多萬噸糧食，夠7000萬人吃1年。在我國，糧食全鏈條損失率達8%。其中，生產和收獲環(huán)節(jié)約占整體糧食損失和浪費的27%，儲存和運輸環(huán)節(jié)約占33%，加工和包裝環(huán)節(jié)約占9%，消費環(huán)節(jié)約占31%。
 
　　當下，我國水稻、小麥、玉米等主糧作物收獲已基本實現(xiàn)機械化，現(xiàn)代化農機在改變農業(yè)生產節(jié)奏的同時，機收造成的糧食損失不容忽視，減少機收環(huán)節(jié)損耗是增加糧食產量的重要措施。減少機收損失就是增加糧食產量。近年來，我國重點在機收減損、改善設施裝備條件等方面發(fā)力，推進節(jié)糧減損。
 
　　自去年以來，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳印發(fā)《關于將機收減損作為糧食生產機械化主要工作常抓不懈的通知》，要求將機收減損作為當前和今后一個時期糧食生產機械化工作的重中之重常抓不懈，為夯實國家糧食安全基礎貢獻機械化力量。
 
　　其中，強調要提高裝備質量。充分發(fā)揮農機購置補貼政策的導向作用，引導生產企業(yè)技術進步和產品提檔升級，加快淘汰老舊收獲機械；強化農機試驗鑒定監(jiān)管和聯(lián)合收割機質量調查，把不合格、不耐用、不適用的產品擋在政策支持范圍之外；鼓勵企業(yè)加大先進適用收獲機械研發(fā)投入，切實提升機收減損性能。
 
　　農業(yè)農村部表示，“十四五”期間，我國將重點從四方面著力，有效降低糧食生產、儲存、運輸、加工環(huán)節(jié)損耗，開展糧食節(jié)約行動。這四大舉措，堅持開源與節(jié)流并重、增產與減損共抓，大力推進全環(huán)節(jié)全鏈條減損，系統(tǒng)化降低糧食損失和浪費。
 
　　一是加強生產源頭管控，推動精量播種、適量播種，減少農業(yè)生產用種，推進糧食生產全程機械化，提升機收作業(yè)標準化水平，降低收獲過程損耗，確保顆粒歸倉。
 
　　二是強化儲運環(huán)節(jié)減損，發(fā)展糧食產后烘干，改善糧食儲藏保質、蟲霉防治等條件，完善農村物流節(jié)點網絡體系，推廣散糧運輸專用工具，減少跑冒滴漏。
 
　　三是提升加工利用水平，建立糧食適度加工標準體系，優(yōu)化加工技術裝備和工藝，提高成品糧出品率和副產物綜合利用率。
 
　　四是引導節(jié)約理性消費，健全餐飲業(yè)服務規(guī)范、行業(yè)標準，常態(tài)化推進光盤行動，開展愛糧節(jié)糧系列宣傳活動，推動厲行節(jié)約、反對浪費蔚然成風。
 
　　目前，節(jié)糧減損成為糧食全鏈條的一大亮點。農業(yè)農村部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年，三大主糧機收損失率平均降低1個百分點，挽回100億斤損失。今年，夏糧、早稻、秋糧機收損失率也控制在合理范圍內。同時，近年來中央財政加大對糧食烘干機具的購置補貼力度，農業(yè)農村部也大力推廣烘干、霉變防控等實用技術。今年，糧食在烘干儲存環(huán)節(jié)的損耗進一步降低。
 
　　今年，全年三季糧食夏糧、早稻、秋糧面積均實現(xiàn)增加。夏糧、早稻單產提高，多個秋糧主產區(qū)玉米、大豆單產提高明顯。從各地實打實收和多方面反映來看，全年糧食將再奪好收成。
 
　　回顧：小麥、水稻、玉米、甘蔗、油菜、大豆玉米帶狀復合種植等機械化收獲減損相關技術指導意見。
 
　　注：本文由農機網(m.qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農業(yè)農村部、央視。

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