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【2021年全國農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展典型案例】 黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市克山縣:創(chuàng)新全鏈條包裝廢棄物治理模式 凈化寒地黑土環(huán)境
2022-03-09
08:43:17
來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部 閱讀量:13544
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導(dǎo)讀:近年來,克山縣落實(shí)國家關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的部署要求,多措并舉、科學(xué)管控,在農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物治理方面進(jìn)行了有益嘗試,取得良好成效,初步形成了農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物“收、儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)、處”全鏈條治理模式。
【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 一、基本情況
克山縣地處世界三大黑土帶之一的松嫩平原腹地,是黑龍江省重要的商品糧生產(chǎn)基地,現(xiàn)有耕地面積302萬畝,主要種植玉米、大豆、馬鈴薯等,全縣年農(nóng)藥施用量710噸左右,年產(chǎn)生農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物約300萬個(gè),對生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了很大影響。近年來,克山縣落實(shí)國家關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的部署要求,多措并舉、科學(xué)管控,在農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物治理方面進(jìn)行了有益嘗試,取得良好成效,初步形成了農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物“收、儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)、處”全鏈條治理模式。
二、主要做法
(一)抓源頭治理。加強(qiáng)病蟲害監(jiān)測,全縣建設(shè)病蟲害監(jiān)測點(diǎn)31個(gè),固定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化監(jiān)測點(diǎn)10個(gè),培養(yǎng)植保員31人,年發(fā)布病蟲害預(yù)報(bào)10余期,實(shí)現(xiàn)測報(bào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、分析規(guī)范化,發(fā)布及時(shí)化。加快植保藥械更新,投入116萬元,累計(jì)改造
噴霧機(jī)2100臺(tái),更換節(jié)藥噴頭及噴頭體2.9萬套,畝均減少農(nóng)藥浪費(fèi)10%以上,減少農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物14萬個(gè)。推進(jìn)大包裝農(nóng)藥使用,把大包裝農(nóng)藥使用作為實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)者、使用者“雙節(jié)本”和農(nóng)藥減量增效的重要手段,累計(jì)推廣大包裝農(nóng)藥30萬畝,示范帶動(dòng)50萬畝,減少農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物22.4噸。累計(jì)推廣農(nóng)作物重大病蟲害在線監(jiān)測預(yù)警與綠色防控技術(shù)、無人機(jī)植保作業(yè)技術(shù)等500余萬畝次。
(二)抓設(shè)施配套。為實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物集中收集、集中處理,2018年以來,在全縣122個(gè)行政村及農(nóng)林牧場建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收倉214個(gè),廢棄物壓塊中轉(zhuǎn)站2個(gè)、區(qū)域存貯倉庫1個(gè),設(shè)立管理員162人,實(shí)現(xiàn)縣域農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收全覆蓋、專管理,每個(gè)回收點(diǎn)年可回收農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物1.5萬個(gè),重量約350公斤,全縣共回收農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物73.5噸。依托經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織,建設(shè)集中配藥服務(wù)站5個(gè),年實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)配置藥液4200噸,收集并無害化處理農(nóng)藥殘液25噸,清洗農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物7.5萬個(gè)。2020年全縣安裝農(nóng)藥瓶簡易
清洗設(shè)備2400余套,減少農(nóng)藥殘留0.6噸。
(三)抓機(jī)制完善。制定《克山縣農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理管理辦法》,將農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理工作納入全縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作考核重要內(nèi)容,建立了農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村、生態(tài)環(huán)境、公安等相關(guān)部門全面監(jiān)管,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)村(社區(qū))屯屬地監(jiān)管,社會(huì)各界群防群治的工作體系。2021年,根據(jù)耕地面積及計(jì)算系數(shù),科學(xué)確定每個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收量,年末對未完成任務(wù)的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)全縣通報(bào)批評(píng)并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)處罰,對完成任務(wù)的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)給予資金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),激發(fā)調(diào)動(dòng)各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)開展農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理工作的積極性。同時(shí),探索建立了“變廢為寶”“積分兌換”等農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法,實(shí)現(xiàn)回收工作常態(tài)化、持續(xù)化、有效化。
三、工作成效
通過加強(qiáng)農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理,減少了農(nóng)藥用量,減少了環(huán)境污染。年可處理農(nóng)藥殘液25噸,減少農(nóng)藥殘留0.5噸,減少農(nóng)藥用量92.4噸,回收處置農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物260萬個(gè)、重量約70噸,農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物回收率達(dá)到80%。
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