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小暑至，夏繁盛│農(nóng)事活動田間管理忙

2021-07-07 15:04:20 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：36734 評論

導(dǎo)讀：小暑前后，除東北與西北地區(qū)收割冬、春小麥等作物外，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上主要是忙著田間管理了。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 今天是農(nóng)歷二十四節(jié)氣的第十一個節(jié)氣——小暑，表示夏季時節(jié)的正式開始。暑，表示炎熱的意思，小暑為小熱，意指天氣開始炎熱，但還沒到最熱。小暑雖不是一年中最炎熱的時節(jié)，但緊接著就是一年中最熱的大暑，民間有“小暑大暑，上蒸下煮”之說，天氣也將越來悶熱和潮濕。
 
　　從小暑節(jié)氣開始，長江中下游地區(qū)的梅雨季節(jié)先后結(jié)束，東部淮河、秦嶺一線以北的廣大北方地區(qū)開始了來自太平洋的東南季風(fēng)雨季，自此降水明顯增加，且雨量比較集中；華南、西南、青藏高原也處于來自印度洋和中國南海的西南季風(fēng)雨季中；而長江中下游地區(qū)則一般為副熱帶高壓控制下的高溫少雨天氣，常常出現(xiàn)的伏旱對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)影響很大，及早蓄水防旱在此時顯得十分重要。
 

　　小暑前后，除東北與西北地區(qū)收割冬、春小麥等作物外，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上主要是忙著田間管理了。
 
　　農(nóng)事活動指南
 
　　1、稻谷此時早稻處于灌漿的后期，早熟品種一般在大暑前就要成熟收獲，要保持田間干干濕濕。中稻已拔節(jié)，開始進(jìn)入孕穗期，農(nóng)戶們應(yīng)當(dāng)要根據(jù)水稻的長勢來追施穗肥，這樣促穗大粒多。此時單季晚稻正在分蘗，要及時施好分蘗肥。雙晚秧苗要注意及時防治病蟲害，在栽秧前的5-7天左右施足“送嫁肥”。
 
　　2、棉花此時大部分的棉花產(chǎn)區(qū)已經(jīng)開始開花結(jié)鈴，而且生長最為旺盛，在重施花鈴肥的同時，還要及時的整枝、打杈、去老葉，以協(xié)調(diào)棉花植株體內(nèi)養(yǎng)分的分配，增強(qiáng)通風(fēng)透光，改善群體小氣候，減少蕾鈴的脫落。
 
　　3、玉米降水增加，會引起玉米倒伏，建議南方地區(qū)的朋友做好抗旱排澇等工作，而北方地區(qū)則重點注意山洪暴發(fā)、石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害，一定要做好相關(guān)的預(yù)防工作，減輕危害。
 
　　4、蔬菜小暑時節(jié)，瓜菜類需肥較多，因此要施足底肥，主要以有機(jī)肥為主。尤其是在幼苗期、開花期、成熟期和果實第一批采收后，都要進(jìn)行分次追肥了，并且要做到氮磷鉀以及鈣鋅鐵等微量元素相結(jié)合施用。
 
　　5、瓜類水果小暑時節(jié)，大多數(shù)大棚瓜類水果基本已經(jīng)七八成熟，因此需要進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)途運輸上市銷售的瓜菜，應(yīng)該及時的進(jìn)行采收，提早上市，縮短“伏缺”時間，增加經(jīng)濟(jì)收入。
 
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