亚洲色图27p,一本无码专区av
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開展時間: 2025-02-11
舉辦單位: 美國加州圖拉爾國際展覽中心
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地點: 巴彥淖爾市
開展時間: 2025-02-22
舉辦單位: 內蒙古春季農機展組委會
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地點: 廣州市
開展時間: 2025-02-25
舉辦單位: 廣州光亞法蘭克福展覽有限公司
2020/2021年度長江流域冬油菜春季田間管理技術指導意見
2021-03-03
09:11:53
來源:農業(yè)農村部 閱讀量:21707
評論
導讀:今年2月全國大部分地區(qū)氣溫接近常年或偏高,春季(3月-5月)全國大部分地區(qū)氣溫較常年同期偏高、降水偏少,長江流域油菜發(fā)生冬春連旱的可能性較大。針對當前油菜苗情長勢及春季氣象條件,全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心會同農業(yè)農村部油料專家指導組,制定了以“促春發(fā),重防控”為主的長江流域冬油菜春季田間管理技術指導意見。
【農機網 科技創(chuàng)新】 2020年秋播期間,長江流域大部分地區(qū)出現長時間連續(xù)降雨、降溫的天氣,導致油菜播期較往年普遍推遲10-15天;播種后因田間漬害重,土壤通透性差,出苗遲緩、質量差,幼苗生長緩慢。進入11月以后,持續(xù)低溫少雨,尤其是12月底和1月上旬兩次寒潮,使長江中下游油菜受到不同程度的凍害。與往年同期比,當前冬油菜苗情總體較弱。據氣象部門預測,今年2月全國大部分地區(qū)氣溫接近常年或偏高,春季(3月-5月)全國大部分地區(qū)氣溫較常年同期偏高、降水偏少,長江流域油菜發(fā)生冬春連旱的可能性較大。針對當前油菜苗情長勢及春季氣象條件,全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心會同農業(yè)農村部油料專家指導組,制定了以“促春發(fā),重防控”為主的長江流域冬油菜春季田間管理技術指導意見。
一是早施苗肥(薹肥),促弱轉壯。以促為主是今年冬油菜春季田間管理的主要策略,也是預防倒春寒和后期根系早衰及提高角果期抗倒性的重要措施。重點針對去年遲播油菜秋冬發(fā)嚴重不足、凍害發(fā)生較重的問題,及早追肥,狠抓油菜春發(fā)、促弱轉壯。苗肥(薹肥)應在1月底至2月上旬及早施用,畝追施尿素5公斤和氮磷鉀(15-15-15)復合肥5-7.5公斤,均勻混合后施用。高產地區(qū)可適當增施苗肥(薹肥)。
二是清溝排漬,防蟲除草。氣象資料顯示,2月份還會持續(xù)出現陰雨天氣,需盡早清溝理墑,確保“三溝”排水通暢,尤其是低洼田,要求做到雨止田干、溝無積水。如遇春季干旱,有條件的結合春季施肥適時灌水一次。“旱生蟲,澇生病”。干旱年份蟲害往往較重,可選用高效氯氟氰菊酯、阿維菌素等防治菜青蟲,選用抗蚜威、吡蟲啉等防治蚜蟲。遲播油菜對草害的抑制能力較差,草害偏重,在開春溫度回升后及時噴施選擇性
除草劑,或進行淺中耕鋤草,抑制雜草生長。
三是一促四防,防病增產。與往年相比,今年苗情較弱,后期菌核病有加重發(fā)生的可能,要突出抓好初花期“一促四防”工作。在初花期一周內結合防治菌核病,噴施磷酸二氫鉀、硼鉬肥等混配液,促進生長結實,防治菌核病、防花而不實、防后期早衰、防“老鼠尾巴”。有條件的應積極推廣無人植保機或大型機械噴霧,實行統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治,提高防治效果和作業(yè)效率,降低防治成本。特別是“一菜兩用”種植模式,油菜因摘薹造成的植傷,會加重菌核病侵入發(fā)生,要更加重視菌核病防控。若春季(3月以后)氣溫高,部分地區(qū)油菜可能因生長較快易倒伏,可酌情提前化控防倒。
四是機械收獲,提質增效。大力推廣油菜機械化分段收獲,油菜提前騰茬,還可降低收獲損失率,減輕下季油菜田間實生苗危害,減少商品菜籽中的綠籽率,提高油菜籽和菜籽油的品質。分段收獲可在全田80%左右油菜植株呈枇杷黃時,采用油菜
割曬機或人工割倒,在田間晾曬5-7天后,用油菜自走式撿拾
脫粒機撿拾脫粒,或人工揀拾后用全喂入式普通稻麥收割機脫粒。對抗裂莢、抗倒性強、熟期早的品種,也可在全田所有油菜植株全部呈現枯黃狀態(tài)時,采用油菜聯(lián)合收獲機一次收獲。
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