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如何保障蔬菜供應？開展溫室大棚補貼試點是重要措施之一

2020-11-02 17:29:41 來源：農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：58609 評論

導讀： “菜籃子”供應是關系國計民生的大事，國家高度重視保障城鄉(xiāng)居民“菜籃子”供應工作。其中，蔬菜是我國種植業(yè)中僅次于糧食的第二大農作物，由于我國人口眾多，蔬菜消費量居*。

　　【農機網 編輯視角】 “菜籃子”供應是關系國計民生的大事，國家高度重視保障城鄉(xiāng)居民“菜籃子”供應工作。其中，蔬菜是我國種植業(yè)中僅次于糧食的第二大農作物，由于我國人口眾多，蔬菜消費量居*。
 
　　據數據統(tǒng)計，2018年我國蔬菜消費量達到69271萬噸，且隨著城鎮(zhèn)化進程和居民消費水平的不斷提升，蔬菜消費量呈逐年上升的趨勢。加之今年第一季度由于疫情原因導致蔬菜運輸不暢，產銷對接出現問題，人們越來越關注蔬菜保供問題。
 

　　我國蔬菜生產主要以設施農業(yè)為主，也就是主要依靠溫室大棚生產，這種生產方式一是可以規(guī)避暴雨臺風等自然災害，二是容易規(guī)模化、機械化生產，更進一步甚至對實現智能化、無人化生產都是有利條件。
 
　　基于“菜籃子”供應的重要性，國家高度重視其生產工作，并對發(fā)展設施農業(yè)提出了明確要求，出臺了一系列政策措施。尤其是農業(yè)農村部今年6月印發(fā)的《關于加快推進設施種植機化發(fā)展的意見》，明確提出到2025年，種植設施區(qū)域布局更加合理，結構類型更加優(yōu)化，以塑料大棚、日光溫室和連棟溫室為主的種植設施總面積穩(wěn)定在200萬公頃以上；設施種植機械化水平總體達到50%以上。
 
　　在扶持政策上，文件要求加大農機購置補貼支持力度，將更多設施種植裝備納入補貼范圍，擴展標準化大棚骨架補貼試點范圍，積極探索成套設施裝備補貼路徑。其實，在這項政策出臺之前，已經有部分省份開始了溫室大棚補貼試點工作。截止目前，據筆者統(tǒng)計已經有安徽、內蒙古、遼寧、湖南、天津、陜西等6個省(市)開啟了此項工作。這一方面反應了各地對蔬菜生產、保障供應的重視，另一方面，這對設施農業(yè)規(guī)模化、機械化發(fā)展起到了重要的推動作用。同時對農機行業(yè)來說，對加快先進、適用的新型農機落地推廣也有重要意義。
 

　　經筆者整理匯總，下面是已經開展溫室大棚補貼試點工作的6個省(市)具體補貼政策：
 
陜西省
 
　　10月27日，陜西省農業(yè)農村廳辦公室印發(fā)《陜西省農機新產品<溫室大棚骨架>購置補貼試點實施方案》，決定開展溫室大棚骨架購置補貼試點工作。補貼對象為陜西省行政區(qū)域內從事農業(yè)生產的個人和農業(yè)生產經營組織。方案規(guī)定同一補貼對象在同一年度內，起補面積為1000平方米(含)，至多為50000平方米(含)，原則上須集中連片建設。全落地組裝式塑料大棚鋼骨架中央財政補貼額為每平方米12元，全落地組裝式日光溫室鋼骨架中央補貼額為每平方米18元。
 
湖南省
 
　　8月28日，湖南省農業(yè)農村廳印發(fā)了《湖南省鋼架大棚購置補貼試點實施方案》，將鋼架大棚作為農機新產品購置補貼試點品目。全省鋼架大棚補貼資金控制在3000萬元以內，先驗收先辦理補貼。試點時間從2020年9月開始，資金用完即止。補貼對象為個人和農業(yè)生產經營組織。鋼架大棚盡可能集中連片建設，同一補貼對象建設面積至少為2000平方米，補貼額為每平方米26-42元不等。
 
內蒙古
 
　　9月11日，內蒙古自治區(qū)農牧廳、財政廳聯合印發(fā)《內蒙古自治區(qū)2020年節(jié)能日光溫室(塑料大棚)標準化鋼結構骨架購置補貼試點實施方案》，決定對節(jié)能日光溫室(塑料大棚)標準化鋼結構骨架實施試點補貼。
 
　　具體補貼額為：
 
　　1.全落地式鋼結構骨架節(jié)能日光溫室。每棟鋼結構骨架日光溫室每畝室內面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼2萬元。
 
　　2.半落地式鋼結構骨架節(jié)能日光溫室。每棟鋼結構骨架日光溫室每畝室內面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼1.5萬元。
 
　　3.鋼結構骨架塑料大棚。每棟鋼結構骨架塑料大棚每畝室內面積定額補貼0.6萬元，單棟鋼結構骨架日光溫室(塑料大棚)室內面積超過1畝的可以按比例折算補貼額度。
 
天津市
 
　　9月8日，天津市農業(yè)農村委員會印發(fā)《天津市溫室大棚鋼骨架購置補貼試點實施方案》，決定實施溫室大棚鋼骨架購置補貼試點。同時明確：補貼產品為溫室大棚鋼骨架及配套設備；試點范圍為天津市各涉農區(qū)；補貼對象為天津市從事農業(yè)生產的個人和農業(yè)生產經營組織(農村集體經濟組織、農民專業(yè)合作經濟組織、農業(yè)企業(yè)和其他從事農業(yè)生產經營的組織)；
 
　　溫室大棚的起補建筑面積為5000平方米以上，溫室大棚之間空地、操作間(耳房)不計入建筑面積；補貼額方面，日光溫室和塑料大棚(含電動卷膜機)的補貼額分別為17元/平方米和12元/平方米。
 
遼寧省
 
　　8月31日，遼寧省農業(yè)農村廳、遼寧省財政廳聯合印發(fā)《遼寧省設施大棚鋼結構骨架購置補貼試點實施方案》，明確開展設施大棚標準化鋼結構骨架購置補貼試點工作。產品補貼范圍為全省范圍內(不含大連市)涉農縣(市、區(qū))。產品補貼對象為從事農業(yè)生產的購置鋼結構骨架的個人或農業(yè)生產經營組織。其中農業(yè)生產經營組織包括農村集體經濟組織、農民專業(yè)合作經濟組織、農業(yè)企業(yè)和其他從事農業(yè)生產經營的組織。補貼產品為設施大棚標準化鋼結構骨架。包括無焊接組裝式鋼結構骨架和桁架焊接式鋼結構骨架產品。
 
　　產品補貼標準方面：
 
　　(一)無焊接組裝式設施大棚鋼結構骨架
 
　　1.全落地無焊接組裝式日光溫室鋼結構骨架：每棟全落地無焊接組裝式日光溫室內，每畝室內面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼為：棚體8米跨度補貼1.1萬元、9米跨度補貼1.3萬元、10米和12米跨度補貼1.5萬元。
 
　　2.半落地無焊接組裝式日光溫室鋼結構骨架：每棟半落地無焊接組裝式日光溫室內，每畝室內面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼為：棚體8米跨度補貼1.0萬元、9米跨度補貼1.2萬元、10米和12米跨度分別補貼1.3萬元、14米跨度補貼1.5萬元。
 
　　3.全落地式無焊接組裝式塑料大棚(冷棚)鋼結構骨架：每棟全落地無焊接組裝式塑料大棚(冷棚)內，每畝室內面積鋼結構骨架定額補貼0.8萬元。
 
　　(二)桁架焊接式設施大棚鋼結構骨架
 
　　每棟半落地桁架焊接式日光溫室內，每畝室內面積鋼結構骨架8米跨度和9-12米跨度分別定額補貼0.85萬元和1.0萬元。
 
　　每棟日光溫室或塑料大棚(冷棚)室內面積不足1畝或高于1畝的，補貼額度按照補貼標準進行相應折算，小數點保留1位(四舍五入)。支持產品生產企業(yè)和建設主體節(jié)本增效或因鋼材價格、人力資源等市場價格波動原因，對符合標準且建設實際總價低于定額補貼標準總價的產品，按照建設實際總價的30%比例給予補貼；高于定額補貼標準總價的產品，按照定額補貼標準執(zhí)行。老舊設施大棚改造同樣享受該補貼政策。
 
安徽省
 
　　2019年11月19日，安徽省農業(yè)農村廳、安徽省財政廳印發(fā)《安徽省關于開展2019-2020年連棟溫室農機新產品購置補貼試點工作的通知》，決定開展連棟溫室農機新產品購置補貼試點工作。試點期間，每年從年度農機購置補貼資金總規(guī)模中安排3000萬元，用于連棟溫室、廢棄物料烘干機農機新產品購置補貼試點。
 
　　連棟塑料膜溫室起補軸線面積為2000平方米(含)，連棟玻璃溫室起補軸線面積為1000平方米(含)。年度內，從事農業(yè)生產的個人和農業(yè)生產經營組織可享受補貼資金總額分別不超過30萬元(含)和80萬元(含)。
 
　　連棟溫室購置補貼試點實行“先建設后補貼，先申請先補貼，資金用完為止”的原則。因當年試點資金規(guī)模不夠等無法享受補貼的，可在下一年度優(yōu)先補貼。

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