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山東省小麥玉米規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)機(jī)器系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置研究取得階段性成果

2019-09-12 09:08:43 來(lái)源：山東農(nóng)機(jī)化信息網(wǎng) 閱讀量：20888 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：9月4日，山東省農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站在鄒平舉辦了小麥玉米兩作全程機(jī)械化推進(jìn)活動(dòng),演示小麥玉米兩作全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)新機(jī)具新裝備、推介規(guī)?；a(chǎn)條件下機(jī)器系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置研究成果。全省16市和部分縣農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站站長(zhǎng)、32家農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社理事長(zhǎng)，山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、山東理工大學(xué)有關(guān)專家和山東省農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站技術(shù)骨干等100余人參加了活動(dòng)。山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳有關(guān)處室負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)邀出席并講話。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】9月4日，山東省農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站在鄒平舉辦了小麥玉米兩作全程機(jī)械化推進(jìn)活動(dòng),演示小麥玉米兩作全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)新機(jī)具新裝備、推介規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)條件下機(jī)器系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置研究成果。全省16市和部分縣農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站站長(zhǎng)、32家農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社理事長(zhǎng)，山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、山東理工大學(xué)有關(guān)專家和山東省農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站技術(shù)骨干等100余人參加了活動(dòng)。山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳有關(guān)處室負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)邀出席并講話。
 
　　本次活動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)兩大亮點(diǎn)：一是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示的小麥玉米全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)裝備代表了我國(guó)小麥玉米全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)和種植業(yè)廢棄物、畜禽糞污綜合利用的高水平；二是向社會(huì)推介了小麥玉米規(guī)?；a(chǎn)機(jī)器系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置研究成果，展示了機(jī)器系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置數(shù)學(xué)模型和軟件系統(tǒng)，該軟件能根據(jù)種植模式、土地規(guī)模、適宜作業(yè)期自動(dòng)生成優(yōu)化的機(jī)具配備方案，包括機(jī)具規(guī)格、型號(hào)、數(shù)量，并計(jì)算出機(jī)具作業(yè)成本等，可以為規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)主體科學(xué)配備農(nóng)機(jī)裝備提供參考，深受廣大合作社理事長(zhǎng)的歡迎。
 
　　當(dāng)前，各地普遍重“機(jī)”輕“化”。該活動(dòng)就是針對(duì)目前各地在大力推進(jìn)土地流轉(zhuǎn)和托管中過(guò)于注重引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)裝備、忽視機(jī)具合理配備的現(xiàn)狀舉辦的。目前，我省已累計(jì)培育了家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)6.4萬(wàn)家，農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社20.3萬(wàn)戶，流轉(zhuǎn)土地3343萬(wàn)畝，占家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)總面積的36.2%，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的規(guī)?；降玫角袑?shí)提高，規(guī)模生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體已成為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)主力軍。但是，從傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展而來(lái)的規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)還存在著諸多不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的問題，阻礙著我省農(nóng)業(yè)更高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。一是生產(chǎn)管理相對(duì)粗放，投入產(chǎn)出不成比例；二是生產(chǎn)模式多種多樣，機(jī)具利用效率不高；三是前后環(huán)節(jié)銜接不暢，作業(yè)質(zhì)量參差不齊；四是先進(jìn)監(jiān)管手段匱乏，農(nóng)機(jī)信息化發(fā)展滯后。從統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)看，2017年，我省以全國(guó)的10.3%的農(nóng)機(jī)總動(dòng)力和9.6%農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)燃油消耗，完成了全國(guó)8.0%的植保、灌溉和耕種收機(jī)械化作業(yè)量，畝均動(dòng)力投入、燃油消耗等偏高，還存在很大的優(yōu)化空間。在這種情況下，省農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站聯(lián)合山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、山東理工大學(xué)共同實(shí)施了“小麥玉米兩作規(guī)?；a(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備優(yōu)化配置研究與驗(yàn)證”項(xiàng)目，圍繞提升農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?；a(chǎn)機(jī)械配備水平、推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝有機(jī)融合、促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)管理信息化，重點(diǎn)研究適于小麥玉米規(guī)?；a(chǎn)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)模式、機(jī)械配備方案、農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)信息化管理方案和農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)技術(shù)體系。
 
　　經(jīng)過(guò)近3年的努力，項(xiàng)目基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了預(yù)期目標(biāo)：一是總結(jié)推薦了免少耕和周期耕作2種適應(yīng)規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)要求的技術(shù)模式。二是研究了小麥玉米規(guī)?；a(chǎn)機(jī)器系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化配置方法，建立了優(yōu)化配置數(shù)學(xué)模型，并在此基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)了農(nóng)機(jī)裝備優(yōu)化配置軟件系統(tǒng)，申請(qǐng)了軟件著作權(quán)。這在業(yè)內(nèi)屬于*。三是制定了適應(yīng)規(guī)?；a(chǎn)要求的農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合的作業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范，涵蓋小麥玉米機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)全過(guò)程。四是試驗(yàn)了農(nóng)機(jī)信息化監(jiān)管平臺(tái)，并用于試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐。
 
　　下一步，項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)將針對(duì)當(dāng)前研究存在的不足和問題，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化研究?jī)?nèi)容、豐富研究手段，力爭(zhēng)讓數(shù)學(xué)模型更加適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際需求，切實(shí)為新型規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)組織決策提供依據(jù)參考。

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