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工業(yè)信息安全(上):我國工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)“裸奔”狀態(tài)還將持續(xù)多久?
2019-07-01
17:24:57
來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:43310
評論
導(dǎo)讀:隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)不斷融入工業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展與新工業(yè)革命終于產(chǎn)生了歷史性的交匯,工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)由數(shù)字化向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化深度拓展,“工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的概念逐漸深入人心。在此背景下,越來越多的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng),也就意味著工業(yè)信息安全問題也將日益突出。
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農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】據(jù)IDC(數(shù)據(jù)中心)新報(bào)告顯示,2019年季度AR/VR頭顯出貨量達(dá)到130萬臺(tái)。IDC預(yù)計(jì),未來AR/VR頭顯的銷量將會(huì)繼續(xù)增長。同時(shí),我國的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)也在不斷突破,市場規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。事實(shí)上,不僅僅是在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)布局層面發(fā)生了重大變化,隨著手機(jī)正式進(jìn)入5G時(shí)代,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算、AI、無人機(jī)等與5G相關(guān)聯(lián)的技術(shù)都正在逐漸發(fā)生裂變,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將發(fā)展成為真正的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
*,德國提出的“工業(yè)4.0”戰(zhàn)略正是以信息物理系統(tǒng)(CPS)為基礎(chǔ),來推動(dòng)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的智能化、信息化、數(shù)字化。而隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)不斷融入工業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展與新工業(yè)革命終于產(chǎn)生了歷史性的交匯,工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)由數(shù)字化向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化深度拓展,“工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的概念逐漸深入人心。在此背景下,越來越多的工業(yè)
生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng),也就意味著工業(yè)信息安全問題也將日益突出。
工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)加速擴(kuò)容
6月21-22日,2019年中國工業(yè)信息安全大會(huì)在北京舉行。大會(huì)期間,由國家工業(yè)信息安全發(fā)展研究中心、工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展聯(lián)盟撰寫的《中國工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展白皮書(2018-2019年)》發(fā)布。白皮書顯示,2018年,我國工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)快速增長,涌現(xiàn)出一批成長性高、創(chuàng)新能力強(qiáng)的企業(yè),工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模為70.32億元(人民幣,下同)。預(yù)計(jì)2019年中國工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)市場增長率將達(dá)19.23%,市場整體規(guī)模增長至93.91億元,工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模加速擴(kuò)容。
以農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)為例,隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能以及智能制造等高新科技在農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用不斷深入,農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)正向數(shù)字化、智能化、自動(dòng)化、信息化轉(zhuǎn)型升級。眼下,全國夏收工作基本結(jié)束,截至6月18日,全國已收獲冬小麥3億畝,大規(guī)模小麥機(jī)收基本結(jié)束,機(jī)收率達(dá)96%。老舊
聯(lián)合收割機(jī)逐漸退出跨區(qū)機(jī)收隊(duì)伍,基于北斗導(dǎo)航的自動(dòng)駕駛聯(lián)合
收割機(jī)、免耕精量播種機(jī)等智能農(nóng)機(jī)從田間試驗(yàn)步入夏收夏種一線,開啟了“三夏”無人作業(yè)新模式。
多數(shù)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備處于“裸奔”狀態(tài)
工信部副部長陳肇雄在工業(yè)信息安全大會(huì)上表示:“工業(yè)系統(tǒng)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全邊界日益交叉、相互滲透,面臨著新型安全問題。”工業(yè)互聯(lián)快速發(fā)展,開放、跨越、互聯(lián)的制造環(huán)境已然成為制造業(yè)的新特征。
隨著各農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)在科技投入層面不斷加碼,工業(yè)智能化、信息化的基礎(chǔ)措施成為了發(fā)展的核心組成部分與重要神經(jīng)樞紐。通過建立大數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)可以將農(nóng)業(yè)地理、作業(yè)環(huán)境、農(nóng)機(jī)參數(shù)等信息進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一建立和管理,實(shí)現(xiàn)作業(yè)。但與此同時(shí),工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)不但直接或間接連接了海量工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)、業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,還承載了大量數(shù)據(jù)和工業(yè)APP,勢必面臨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。國家工信安全中心報(bào)告顯示,就我國而言,從防護(hù)水平看,網(wǎng)上可辨識(shí)的工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備數(shù)量超過1.5萬個(gè),遍布31個(gè)省(區(qū)市)。其中,多數(shù)缺乏安全防護(hù),甚至處于“裸奔”狀態(tài)。
“裸奔”背后的原因
安全主體責(zé)任落實(shí)不到位。2019年1月18日,工信部印發(fā)《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)及推廣指南》。3月,“工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”成為“熱詞”并寫入《2019年國務(wù)院政府工作報(bào)告》。目前,我國本身對于“工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的認(rèn)識(shí)時(shí)間較短,各安全監(jiān)管制度體系都還不夠完善。尤其是工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)涉及制造業(yè)等眾多領(lǐng)域,以及生產(chǎn)制造全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),在具體的監(jiān)管落實(shí)過程中,對于各安全主體責(zé)任界定還較為模糊。
企業(yè)安全意識(shí)相對薄弱。目前,市場上工業(yè)信息安全的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)種類繁多,但是與此相對應(yīng)的認(rèn)證和市場準(zhǔn)入機(jī)制依然不夠完善,有針對性的檢測認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范和技術(shù)手段還很缺乏。市場驅(qū)動(dòng)不足,眾多企業(yè)在安全投入方面的意愿比較薄弱,當(dāng)然,其中還有一個(gè)重要的原因便是安全意識(shí)的相對薄弱,對于工業(yè)信息風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范意識(shí)不足。
安全技術(shù)能力不足,專業(yè)人才缺乏。我國工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)處于起步階段,這也意味著傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)ζ鋷淼男滦凸舻陌擦Σ蛔?。我國專注工業(yè)信息安全領(lǐng)域的廠商普遍規(guī)模較小,現(xiàn)有的工業(yè)信息安全企業(yè)進(jìn)入市場短,技術(shù)實(shí)力和創(chuàng)新能力都顯不足,整體工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)模還處于低位。
結(jié)語:工業(yè)信息安全產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起是我國從“制造大國”走向“制造強(qiáng)國”的重要見證,在此過程中,我們無法避免面臨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化、信息化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的安全問題。深度解析其背后的原因,有助于我們推動(dòng)國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全機(jī)制的建立完善,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
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