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不一樣的污染，一樣的焦慮：從垃圾分類看農(nóng)業(yè)土壤污染

2019-06-28 16:46:43 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：47535 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：在這個(gè)轟轟烈烈的高考月，上海人卻高唱“我們不一樣！”，生活日常就是搜索“XX是什么垃圾”。近日，#快被垃圾分類逼瘋的上海居民#話題登上微博熱搜榜。截至26日17點(diǎn)，閱讀量已超2.4億，討論量超7.5萬(wàn)。還有網(wǎng)友調(diào)侃：“感覺(jué)上門收垃圾的人可以像外賣快遞員一樣火一下，找個(gè)合適的就業(yè)商機(jī)，以及要不要快速出版一批垃圾分類手冊(cè)呢？”

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】在這個(gè)轟轟烈烈的高考月，上海人卻高唱“我們不一樣！”，生活日常就是搜索“XX是什么垃圾”。近日，#快被垃圾分類逼瘋的上海居民#話題登上微博熱搜榜。截至26日17點(diǎn)，閱讀量已超2.4億，討論量超7.5萬(wàn)。還有網(wǎng)友調(diào)侃：“感覺(jué)上門收垃圾的人可以像外賣快遞員一樣火一下，找個(gè)合適的就業(yè)商機(jī)，以及要不要快速出版一批垃圾分類手冊(cè)呢？”
 
　　垃圾圍城：城市光鮮背后的焦慮
 
　　事實(shí)上，前陣子開(kāi)播的新一季真人秀綜藝《奔跑吧》期就將“垃圾分類”這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題推上了熱搜。節(jié)目中，“跑男”團(tuán)遇到的個(gè)考驗(yàn)就是現(xiàn)在逼瘋上海居民的“垃圾分類”，此后，他們還體驗(yàn)了餐廚垃圾清運(yùn)及廚余垃圾二次分揀工作，參觀了焚燒發(fā)電廠。
 
　　節(jié)目中公布了一系列數(shù)據(jù)，我們每人每天差不多要產(chǎn)生1.2公斤垃圾；杭州市現(xiàn)在一天的垃圾生產(chǎn)量三到四年就可以把一個(gè)西湖填滿；從2007年到2019年不到12年的時(shí)間里，杭州已經(jīng)填埋了1700多萬(wàn)噸垃圾，原本預(yù)計(jì)使用24年的填埋體積，12年就被填滿了；杭州市只有的一個(gè)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，那里填滿之后，杭州市將沒(méi)有地方進(jìn)行垃圾填埋處理；如果沒(méi)有垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，只需一個(gè)星期，杭州市的垃圾就會(huì)覆蓋所有街道；而我們能做的，就只有等它們自己慢慢降解。
 
　　而這僅僅只是一個(gè)城市的數(shù)據(jù)，可以說(shuō)全國(guó)乃至*垃圾增長(zhǎng)狀況的冰山一角。隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快，垃圾這個(gè)城市代謝的產(chǎn)物成為制約城市發(fā)展的瓶頸，世界上許多城市都曾面臨“垃圾圍城”的局面，城市光鮮背后的垃圾焦慮與日俱增。
 
　　凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)：“看不見(jiàn)硝煙的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”
 
　　說(shuō)到城市污染，農(nóng)業(yè)土壤污染對(duì)人類的危害性同樣可怕。作為傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，傳承數(shù)千年的農(nóng)業(yè)形態(tài)在日常生活中占據(jù)著重要地位，但是土壤污染問(wèn)題卻因其隱蔽性、滯后性、累積性、不均勻性、不可逆轉(zhuǎn)性和長(zhǎng)期性等特點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)期困擾著我們。在“藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土三大保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”中，早在1984年和1987年，我國(guó)水污染防治法、大氣污染防治法就先后出臺(tái)，但是土壤污染防治閥卻是姍姍來(lái)遲的原因也正是在此。
 
　　當(dāng)前我國(guó)的土壤污染來(lái)源主要包括大氣中的有害氣體、生活污水和工業(yè)廢水、化肥農(nóng)藥的大量使用、生物殘?bào)w和牲畜排泄物以及一些農(nóng)用地膜和工業(yè)、生活固體廢棄物等。據(jù)相關(guān)報(bào)道，目前我國(guó)受重金屬污染的耕地面積近2000萬(wàn)公頃，工業(yè)“三廢”污染耕地1000萬(wàn)公頃，污水灌溉的農(nóng)田面積已達(dá)330多萬(wàn)公頃，受農(nóng)藥污染的耕地達(dá)到1300-1600萬(wàn)公頃。
 
　　解救土壤污染：多種農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械成防治利器
 
　　針對(duì)土壤污染防治外源污染隔離、灌溉水凈化、低積累品種篩選應(yīng)用、水肥調(diào)控、土壤調(diào)理、替代種植、秸稈回收利用等技術(shù)，小編有以下農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械推薦：
 
　　秸稈還田機(jī)器：以玉米秸稈處理利用為重點(diǎn)，大力推進(jìn)秸稈肥料化、飼料化、燃料化、原料化、基料化利用。多地推進(jìn)使用秸稈機(jī)械化發(fā)展，提出大力推廣大中型拖拉機(jī)、秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)、打捆機(jī)、秸稈壓塊(粒、棒)機(jī)、秸稈撿拾機(jī)、秸稈儲(chǔ)運(yùn)車、秸稈打包機(jī)、拆包機(jī)、秸稈炭化設(shè)備、免耕播種機(jī)、帶切碎裝置的聯(lián)合收割機(jī)、旋耕機(jī)水田驅(qū)動(dòng)耙、驅(qū)動(dòng)圓盤犁、免耕滅茬機(jī)等農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械。
 
　　施肥施藥機(jī)：國(guó)家大力推廣有機(jī)肥替代化肥技術(shù)，加快推進(jìn)畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物及農(nóng)作物秸稈資源化利用，實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)本增效、提質(zhì)增效。主要農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械有：大型噴藥機(jī)、靜電彌霧機(jī)、精量變量噴藥機(jī)、植保無(wú)人飛機(jī)、水肥一體機(jī)、水藥一體機(jī)、水藥肥一體機(jī)等。
 
　　殘膜回收設(shè)備：地膜覆蓋栽培技術(shù)有著良好的控溫保墑作用，但同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的“白色污染”，殘膜回收機(jī)具是保障地膜回收利用的重要手段。主要農(nóng)機(jī)：多功能鋪膜機(jī)、殘膜回收機(jī)、土壤清理機(jī)、土壤修復(fù)機(jī)、厚地膜回收機(jī)等。
 
　　廢棄物處理設(shè)備：探索畜禽糞污有效儲(chǔ)存、收運(yùn)、處理、綜合利用全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展的有效模式能夠防止有害成分通過(guò)畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物還田對(duì)土壤造成污染。主要設(shè)備包括：病死畜禽無(wú)害化處理設(shè)備、沼液沼渣抽排設(shè)備、固液分離機(jī)、沼氣處理設(shè)備以及其他廢棄物處理設(shè)備等。

上一篇： 工業(yè)信息安全（上）：我國(guó)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)“裸奔”狀態(tài)還將持續(xù)多久？

下一篇：藏糧于地藏糧于技，這一“農(nóng)業(yè)5G”技術(shù)造福子孫后代！

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