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什么才是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥大減量的秘密武器?
2018-09-06
16:36:43
來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:50898
評論
導(dǎo)讀:從“十三五”開始,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大力開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長行動以來,我國的化肥、農(nóng)藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,提前實現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長的目標。其中,我國主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達到25.2%,農(nóng)藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降,且目前主要糧食作物農(nóng)藥利用率為36.6%,比2013年提高了1.6個百分點。
【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 從“十三五”開始,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大力開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長行動以來,我國的化肥、農(nóng)藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,提前實現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長的目標。其中,我國主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達到25.2%,農(nóng)藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降,且目前主要糧食作物農(nóng)藥利用率為36.6%,比2013年提高了1.6個百分點。
在我國農(nóng)藥使用量逐年減量的前提下,糧食產(chǎn)量卻逐年豐收,這與近年來迅速發(fā)展的
植保機械有著很大的關(guān)系,其中大型的地面植保裝備——植保
噴霧機功勞顯著。
噴桿噴霧機——大型農(nóng)田植保的“御前侍衛(wèi)”
噴霧機按施用對象大體可以分為田間植保噴霧機和果園噴霧機,其中田間植保噴霧機以噴桿式噴霧機為主流,又細分為自走式、牽引式和懸掛式。
自走式噴桿噴霧機具有機動性和方便性好、作業(yè)效率高等優(yōu)點,與
拖拉機配套機具相比,離地間隙較高,能滿足棉花、大豆、油菜和玉米等作物生長中后期的病蟲害防治需要。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式的規(guī)模化發(fā)展,自走式噴桿噴霧機的前景廣闊,目前主要在國有農(nóng)場和大型農(nóng)機合作社應(yīng)用較多;牽引式和懸掛式噴桿噴霧機移動方便、噴幅寬、噴灑均勻、效率高,是一種理想的大田作物植保機械,在東北地區(qū)被廣泛使用。
總的來說,大型噴桿噴霧機效率高,每天可作業(yè)千余畝地,更適合大面積平原地區(qū)。尤其東北地區(qū)作為我國的重要糧倉,地域廣闊、氣候類型多樣,耕地面積4.65億畝,占全國耕地面積的22.9%。噴桿噴霧機是東北地區(qū)理想的大田作物植保機械,因此,在東北地區(qū)地區(qū)有著廣闊的市場前景。
技術(shù)落后二、三十年——向農(nóng)業(yè)靠攏
中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)藥械與施藥技術(shù)研究中心主任、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)何雄奎教授曾坦言,我國噴桿式噴霧機和發(fā)達國家相比現(xiàn)狀并不樂觀,至少落后20~30年,主要是缺乏相關(guān)標準與技術(shù)作業(yè)規(guī)范,達不到歐美發(fā)達國家每一臺噴桿噴霧機都能實現(xiàn)智能電控自動化作業(yè)的要求。何雄奎解釋,從整體上來講,我國植保機械性能和施藥技術(shù)水平落后,無法滿足當今農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境保護的要求,還需要進一步努力才能趕上發(fā)達國家水平。
據(jù)了解,歐洲發(fā)達國家的噴桿式噴霧機每臺機器上都安裝了控制系統(tǒng),而且藥和水的配比是有標準可循的,這樣可以實現(xiàn)均勻施藥、變量施藥,真正做到“農(nóng)業(yè)”。近年來,我國植保噴霧機械發(fā)展的主要成就還是將農(nóng)民從費時費力的人工打藥作業(yè)中解放了出來,而未達到“作業(yè)”。
當前,為適應(yīng)我國農(nóng)藥“減量提效”的綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展目標,我國植保機械應(yīng)從減輕勞動強度、提高作業(yè)效率向更加的方向發(fā)展,這也順應(yīng)我國農(nóng)業(yè)向農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)方向發(fā)展的目標。
末尾小彩蛋
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