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重慶：丘陵山區(qū)宜機化改造的成功案例

2018-07-04 11:22:32 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：41449 評論

導(dǎo)讀：一直以來，在推進全國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機械化的道路上，“先天不足”的丘陵山區(qū)一直是個“難題”，由于自然條件的限制，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平遠遠落后于平原平壩地區(qū)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，西南丘陵山區(qū)、南方低緩丘陵山區(qū)、黃土高原及西北地區(qū)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率分別為26%、49%、57%，這遠遠低于全國65.2%的平均水平。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 一直以來，在推進全國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機械化的道路上，“先天不足”的丘陵山區(qū)一直是個“難題”，由于自然條件的限制，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平遠遠落后于平原平壩地區(qū)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，西南丘陵山區(qū)、南方低緩丘陵山區(qū)、黃土高原及西北地區(qū)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率分別為26%、49%、57%，這遠遠低于全國65.2%的平均水平。
 
　　當前我國正值農(nóng)機化轉(zhuǎn)型升級的關(guān)鍵時期，而要推進農(nóng)機化向“全面、全程、高質(zhì)、”發(fā)展，就需要著眼薄弱區(qū)域，從“補齊短板”入手。在今年4月25日農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部舉行的新聞發(fā)布會上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司副巡視員王家忠表示，推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化實現(xiàn)“機器換人”，破解農(nóng)業(yè)“用工難、用工貴”，以及“誰來種地、怎么種地”這些難題，是建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的題中之意。他表示，要全面推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化，啟動實施農(nóng)業(yè)機械化全面發(fā)展重點技術(shù)推廣行動，在丘陵山區(qū)引導(dǎo)推廣耕地的宜機化改造，以關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)突破來推動全面機械化。
 
　　重慶山地、丘陵約占區(qū)域面積的90%，可耕地面積為3300萬畝，人均耕地面積不足2畝。由于地塊小且零碎分散、坡度大、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不配套等因素，一直以來丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機化發(fā)展進程緩慢。以重慶地區(qū)為代表，重慶丘陵山地為主的地理條件，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)戶耕種方式受限，因此，農(nóng)業(yè)機械難以普及。
 
　　今年3月，由重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術(shù)推廣總站與重慶市質(zhì)量和標準化研究院聯(lián)合起草的《丘陵山區(qū)宜機化地塊整理整治技術(shù)規(guī)范》DB50/T795-2017獲審批通過，作為重慶市地方標準發(fā)布。重慶市農(nóng)委從2014年開始試點高標準農(nóng)田地塊宜機化建設(shè)，效果明顯。自2015年以來，連續(xù)三年推廣，2017年，重慶市財政安排4000萬元，帶動業(yè)主投資7500萬元，對10萬余畝山地進行了宜機化改造；2018年，重慶市通過農(nóng)發(fā)資金啟動近60個項目，計劃改造7萬余畝土地。
 
　　截至目前，重慶共有26個區(qū)縣的100余個項目進行耕地宜機化改造，累計建設(shè)宜機化地塊10萬余畝，打通了中大型農(nóng)機裝備立地的“后一公里”。
 
　　通過宜機化田塊整治后，重慶的小田變成了大田，村民口中“饅頭山”下的巴掌田、雞窩地不復(fù)存在，農(nóng)業(yè)機械下田難、耕作管護難的問題也得到有效解決。
 
　　“沒整治之前，潼南的田地塊大也不過一兩畝，小的只有兩三分。但是相鄰地塊的上下高差卻有二三米。”潼南區(qū)農(nóng)機技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)站站長何忠介紹說，通過宜機化改造，潼南已經(jīng)有超過3萬畝撂荒地“活”起來，形成了萬畝花椒、萬畝中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。還出現(xiàn)了一批專門進行耕地宜機化改造的農(nóng)業(yè)合作社。
 
　　“耕地宜機化改造后，耕地面積增加了3%-5%，極個別達到了10%。大中型農(nóng)機代替以往的人工或中小型農(nóng)機，一畝旱地一年節(jié)約成本500元以上。”重慶市農(nóng)委主任路偉說。
 
　　我國丘陵山區(qū)耕地面積占比超過50%，覆蓋的人口超過60%，是我國糧油糖作物及薯類、果桑茶麻、蔬菜、青飼料等特色經(jīng)濟作物的重要生產(chǎn)基地。隨著農(nóng)村土地確權(quán)的逐步到位，和“保持土地承包關(guān)系穩(wěn)定并長久不變，第二輪土地承包到期后再延長三十年”的提出，也為土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營和集中整治帶來新的機遇，以規(guī)模經(jīng)營主體、村集體為單位，集中連片進行耕地宜機化改造變得越來越可行。重慶地區(qū)宜機化改造可謂是成功范例，其他丘陵山區(qū)可參考推廣試行。作為推進丘陵山區(qū)全面機械化的重要舉措，宜機化改造后的將來，丘陵山區(qū)機械化這片藍海必將迎來全新的面貌。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：人民網(wǎng)、農(nóng)機化導(dǎo)報、中國農(nóng)業(yè)新聞網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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