三大糧食作物化肥利用率穩(wěn)步提升

2025-01-15 10:04:45 來源:農業(yè)農村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量:14029 評論

  【農機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 化肥利用率是評價科學施肥效果的重要指標。“十四五”以來,農業(yè)農村部認真貫徹落實黨中央、國務院決策部署,深入實施化肥減量化行動,促進科學施肥增效,化肥利用率穩(wěn)步提升。經(jīng)科學測算,2024年我國水稻、玉米、小麥三大糧食作物化肥利用率為42.6%,比2022年提高1.3個百分點。
 
  化肥利用率提高是多因素綜合作用的結果。測土配方施肥是利用率提高的重要基礎。各地圍繞“測、配、產、供、施”五大環(huán)節(jié),強化農企對接,推廣專用肥套餐定制配送等服務模式,推進配方肥落地。全國三大糧食作物測土配方施肥技術覆蓋率超過95%。“三新”集成配套是利用率提高的重要途徑。各地加強施肥新技術、新產品、新機具融合配套,因地制宜推廣“三新”技術配套模式,促進了化肥利用率提高。例如,采用水稻側深施肥技術,氮肥利用率平均提高3.7個百分點。多元替代是利用率提高的重要措施。各地鼓勵引導農民開展糞肥就近就地還田、種植綠肥,加大微生物肥料推廣力度,替代部分化肥投入。例如,推廣大豆接種根瘤菌菌劑,在氮肥減量的同時,利用率提高約3個百分點。專業(yè)化施肥服務是利用率提高的重要支撐。各地不斷培育壯大專業(yè)化服務組織,推廣智能化專家施肥推薦系統(tǒng),提供智能化診斷、數(shù)字化配肥、機械化用肥“一條龍”科學施肥服務,促進施肥精準化。
 
  下一步,農業(yè)農村部將繼續(xù)加大工作力度,深入開展科學施肥增效行動,集成推廣先進適用施肥技術模式,推進機藝融合、技物結合、物械配合,持續(xù)提高三大糧食作物化肥利用率。
 
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