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全國農(nóng)技中心組織召開油菜苗前期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)會(huì)商

2024-11-28 09:21:03 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：11124 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，全國農(nóng)技中心組織召開2024年全國油菜苗前期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)會(huì)商，調(diào)度當(dāng)前油菜播栽進(jìn)度。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 近日，全國農(nóng)技中心組織召開2024年全國油菜苗前期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)會(huì)商，調(diào)度當(dāng)前油菜播栽進(jìn)度，分析研判有利條件和不利因素，研究提出清溝防凍、化學(xué)控苗、除草防病等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)措施，指導(dǎo)各地科學(xué)開展苗期管理，全力夯實(shí)明年夏收油菜豐產(chǎn)豐收基礎(chǔ)。12個(gè)冬油菜主產(chǎn)省農(nóng)技推廣部門業(yè)務(wù)骨干和有關(guān)專家參加了會(huì)商。
 
　　會(huì)商指出，目前全國油菜播栽工作基本完成，田間苗情整體向好。總的來看，播栽進(jìn)度與去年相當(dāng)、較前年略遲7—10天，據(jù)會(huì)商調(diào)度，種植面積約1.14億畝，7葉以上油菜苗占42.8%，4—6葉油菜苗占37.4%，4葉以下油菜苗占19.8%。
 
　　會(huì)商強(qiáng)調(diào)，今年油菜生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)較好，各地高度重視，擴(kuò)種成果進(jìn)一步穩(wěn)定。近一月，整體氣象條件好轉(zhuǎn)，秋季溫度較往年高1—3度，加之播后有效降雨，土壤墑情明顯轉(zhuǎn)好，適合油菜生長，利于培育冬前壯苗，但也存在秋種期間旱澇不均、油菜苗長勢進(jìn)度不一，氣象條件復(fù)雜多變、越冬出現(xiàn)“速凍”天氣，部分區(qū)域濕害較重、根腫病等病蟲草害呈早發(fā)重發(fā)趨勢等問題。下一步，油菜生產(chǎn)技術(shù)措施應(yīng)注重分類管理，控防并舉。
 
　　清溝排漬 管水防凍
 
　　利用晴好天氣徹底清理田內(nèi)“三溝“，同時(shí)加深地頭溝，確保溝溝相通，排灌暢通，預(yù)防后期漬害；可利用清溝土壤進(jìn)行培土壅根，增加油菜抗寒力，寒潮來臨前，有條件的地區(qū)應(yīng)及時(shí)灌水，隨灌隨排，保持田間濕潤，能緩解凍害。
 
　　因苗施策 適時(shí)調(diào)控
 
　　對于出苗不勻的田塊，利用降雨前后空隙抓緊查苗補(bǔ)苗勻苗；對未施肥或基肥不足以及晚栽、晚播的苗情較弱的田塊，及時(shí)施提苗肥，增施磷鉀肥，每畝可追施尿素5—10公斤；對有旺長趨勢的田塊，可用15%多效唑粉劑40—50克、磷酸二氫鉀100—150克兌水噴施化控，增加油菜抗寒防凍能力，防止早薹早花和后期倒伏。
 
　　綠色除草 防病防蟲
 
　　針對草害發(fā)生嚴(yán)重田塊，有針對性選用單子葉、闊葉類除草劑，及時(shí)化學(xué)除草，控制用藥量，避免除草劑對油菜造成藥害；密切監(jiān)測根腫病發(fā)生態(tài)勢，如發(fā)病應(yīng)及時(shí)采取補(bǔ)救措施，施用生根劑如吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸等促進(jìn)長根；針對菜青蟲、蚜蟲、跳甲、斜紋夜蛾等危害嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域，應(yīng)加緊噴施廣譜殺蟲劑，做好統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。

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