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水果應(yīng)對臺風暴雨生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導意見
2024-07-26
08:44:22
來源:全國農(nóng)機推廣中心 閱讀量:14565
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導讀:為防范和減輕災害影響,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部果樹專家指導組,提出果樹應(yīng)對臺風暴雨生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導意見。
【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 根據(jù)氣象部門預報,今年第3號臺風“格美”將于7月25日在福建中部到浙江南部一帶沿海登陸,最強可達強臺風級或超強臺風級。臺風影響區(qū)域會出現(xiàn)強風暴雨,給水果生產(chǎn)帶來不利影響。為防范和減輕災害影響,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部果樹專家指導組,提出果樹應(yīng)對臺風暴雨生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導意見。
做好巡園檢查 加固樹體設(shè)施
臺風暴雨來臨前,抓緊搶收已成熟的在樹果實。幼樹、掛果量較大等易傾倒的果樹,可培土加立支柱,疏剪過重枝條,提高樹體抗風雨能力,有條件的可設(shè)置防風紗、防風網(wǎng)。提早清理溝渠,預防果園淹水。避雨棚、大棚、防蟲網(wǎng)等設(shè)施果園,提前開展全園巡查,及時緊固松動設(shè)施,加強設(shè)施內(nèi)部支撐和外部壓覆,提高設(shè)施抗拉力,臺風中心區(qū)域應(yīng)視情況及時揭開棚膜或劃膜保棚。發(fā)生病害較重的果園,雨前噴施代森錳鋅、丙森鋅、甲基硫菌靈等保護預防性廣譜殺菌劑,防止雨期過長導致雨后病害傳播蔓延。
災后修溝疏渠 暢通果園排水
臺風暴雨后,洪水沖毀崩塌的果園,及時修補沖毀部分,加固斜坡土方和排水渠道,暢通排水的同時防止水土流失。積水嚴重的低洼果園,使用抽水設(shè)備排水,沒有明水但已經(jīng)過水的果園,在樹冠外緣內(nèi)側(cè)開挖排水溝,排除根系積水。果園設(shè)施和果樹支架倒地的,要及時修繕加固,嚴重損毀的要拆除重新搭建。果樹倒伏和主枝折斷的,要及時扶正樹體,給樹體噴水清洗葉片,剪除斷裂的樹枝,傷口可用1:10石灰水涂白,并用稻草包扎。根系外露的,及時培土覆蓋,防止陽光暴曬。傷根嚴重的果樹,及時疏枝、剪葉、去果,以減少蒸騰量,防止樹體死亡。
加強肥料運籌 恢復樹體生長
果園受澇后,土壤肥料流失,受損根系吸收肥水能力減弱,不宜立即進行根部施肥??扇~面噴施0.1%—0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀,0.1%—0.3%的尿素、蕓苔素內(nèi)脂、農(nóng)用核苷酸等葉面肥,強化葉面功能、增強光合作用和樹體的營養(yǎng)積累,每5—7天葉面噴肥1次,連續(xù)追施2—3次。避免在中午高溫期間噴施,同時葉面肥濃度不宜太高,應(yīng)較平時略稀,可與病蟲害防治藥劑一同施用。受損較小的果園,積水排出一周后,可追施以氮、磷肥為主的速效肥料或復合肥,促發(fā)新根,加快樹勢恢復。根系受損嚴重的,待水退1個月、樹勢恢復正常后,再施用有機肥或尿素,促發(fā)新根。坐果的果園,后期增施鉀肥,追施葉面肥,及時補充營養(yǎng)供給,促進果實增大。
科學防治病蟲害 預防暴發(fā)流行
強風雨侵襲后,高溫高濕的環(huán)境利于病蟲生長繁殖,加之樹體抗性下降,極易發(fā)生流行各種病蟲害,應(yīng)及早預防。雨后及時將病蟲枝、爛果、爛葉等清出果園,減少病蟲源。搶晴噴施1—2次廣譜性
殺蟲劑、殺菌劑,殺蟲劑宜選用聯(lián)苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、苦參堿等菊酯類、植物源農(nóng)藥,殺菌劑宜選用苯醚甲環(huán)唑、嘧菌酯、甲基硫菌靈、代森錳鋅、波爾多液等。近期即將采摘的水果要注意科學用藥,嚴格執(zhí)行農(nóng)藥安全間隔期規(guī)定,確保果品安全。
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