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水稻無人機(jī)追肥技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見
2024-05-09
08:34:01
來源:全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量:10765
評論
導(dǎo)讀:選擇當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中普遍使用的農(nóng)用無人機(jī),有效負(fù)載50公斤以上為宜。水稻追肥時有效播撒幅寬3—5米、作業(yè)高度3—4米、飛行速度4—6米/秒,每畝施肥量誤差不超過5%。
【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】
適用區(qū)域
適用于水稻主產(chǎn)區(qū)。
技術(shù)要點(diǎn)
(一)無人機(jī)選擇
選擇當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中普遍使用的農(nóng)用無人機(jī),有效負(fù)載50公斤以上為宜。水稻追肥時有效播撒幅寬3—5米、作業(yè)高度3—4米、飛行速度4—6米/秒,每畝施肥量誤差不超過5%。無人機(jī)續(xù)航能力應(yīng)滿足作業(yè)要求,具備自主作業(yè)、智能避障、漏堵報警、實(shí)時監(jiān)控和軌跡記錄等功能。
(二)肥料選擇
無人機(jī)撒施肥料一般以氮肥為主,常選用尿素。葉面噴施時應(yīng)選擇水溶性好的肥料,如磷酸二氫鉀、硫酸鎂、硫酸鋅、硼酸、硅酸等,或大量元素水溶肥料、中量元素水溶肥料、微量元素水溶肥料、含氨基酸水溶肥料、含腐植酸水溶肥料、有機(jī)水溶肥料等。
(三)肥料用量
1、撒施
東北單季稻區(qū)視苗情長勢每畝追施尿素5—9公斤,長江中下游單雙季稻區(qū)每畝追施尿素8—12公斤,江南華南單雙季稻區(qū)每畝追施尿素6—13公斤,西南高原山地單季稻區(qū)每畝追施尿素8—10公斤。
2、葉面噴施
可在水稻不同生長期視苗情長勢和天氣情況進(jìn)行,肥料用量如下表。
注:每畝用水量不少于3升,取肥料用量上限時,用水量不少5升。噴施肥液濃度尿素不超過10%,磷酸二氫鉀不超過3%,七水硫酸鎂和七水硫酸鋅不超3%,硼酸不超過2%,硅酸不超過2%。
(四)施肥建議
1、采用無人機(jī)撒施肥料,通常應(yīng)選擇在拔節(jié)期和抽穗期進(jìn)行。
2、偏酸性地塊應(yīng)施用鈣鎂磷肥;偏堿性地塊追肥宜采用硫酸銨,少用或不用尿素。
3、抽穗至灌漿中期根據(jù)水稻長勢噴施磷酸二氫鉀2—3次。
4、土壤缺鋅缺硼地區(qū)在孕穗期或灌漿初期噴施鋅、硼肥1—2次,缺鎂、潛育化稻田和低溫寡照地區(qū)在孕穗期及時補(bǔ)充鎂肥和硅肥1—2次。
(五)作業(yè)程序
1、使用無人機(jī)追施肥前,根據(jù)作業(yè)條件設(shè)置無人機(jī)的飛行高度、速度、噴幅、航線方向、噴灑量、霧化顆粒大小等參數(shù)并試飛,試飛正常后方可進(jìn)行飛行作業(yè)。
2、葉面噴肥作業(yè)前,按照建議的濃度用清水溶解肥料,待全部溶解后,靜置3—5分鐘,取清液噴施。
3、葉面噴肥作業(yè)應(yīng)在風(fēng)力小于3級的陰天或晴天傍晚進(jìn)行,防止灼傷稻苗,確保肥效。
4、追肥作業(yè)后,應(yīng)記錄無人機(jī)作業(yè)情況。葉面噴肥后若遇雨,應(yīng)重新噴施。
5、噴施作業(yè)結(jié)束后,觀察水稻長勢決定是否再次噴施。前后兩次噴施至少間隔7—10天,不可盲目噴施造成肥害。
注意事項
1、無人機(jī)操作人員應(yīng)持證上崗,做好防護(hù)措施。無人機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離,禁止觸摸。
2、肥料混合噴施時應(yīng)按照品種特性和使用說明進(jìn)行混配。
3、嚴(yán)格遵守?zé)o人機(jī)飛行相關(guān)法律法規(guī)。
來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司、全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科學(xué)施肥專家指導(dǎo)組
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