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植保無人飛機施藥防控小麥穗期病蟲害指導意見

2024-04-28 13:17:23 來源：全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心 閱讀量：11919 評論

導讀：統籌考慮畝施藥液量、植保無人飛機下壓風力大小等因素，綜合設定飛行參數，不同型號的植保無人飛機飛行參數不同，大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗，確保噴霧均勻、無重噴漏噴、飄移損失小且小麥植株無折損。

　　【農機網 科技創(chuàng)新】
 
　　飛行參數設置
 
　　統籌考慮畝施藥液量、植保無人飛機下壓風力大小等因素，綜合設定飛行參數，不同型號的植保無人飛機飛行參數不同，大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗，確保噴霧均勻、無重噴漏噴、飄移損失小且小麥植株無折損。防控小麥穗期病蟲害時，環(huán)境風速應小于二級風(<3.3m/s)，施藥液量2—3升/畝(防控赤霉病時應適當增加施藥液量)，飛行速度小于5m/s，飛行高度(離小麥冠層的高度)2—4m；施藥時應適當疊加作業(yè)噴幅，增加相鄰噴幅的重疊量，確保噴幅邊緣有足夠的霧滴沉積量，滿足防控需要；施藥后如遇雨，應及時補治。
 
　　防控藥劑選擇
 
　　防控小麥穗期病蟲害時，提倡綜合防控、一噴多效，可結合“一噴三防”措施，科學混用殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、葉面肥、飛防助劑等開展綜合防控，大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗，確保藥劑混合均勻、混配穩(wěn)定、協同增效且對小麥植株無藥害。
 
　　防控赤霉?。?/strong>選用丙硫菌唑、氰烯菌酯、氟唑菌酰羥胺、葉菌唑、戊唑醇等不同作用機理藥劑，且小麥生育期內每類藥劑最多使用2次，施藥時要用足藥量，減輕毒素污染、延緩抗性發(fā)展；如抽穗揚花期遇連續(xù)陰雨天氣，應在一次用藥后5—7天進行二次用藥。防控蚜蟲、白粉病、葉銹?。?/strong>防控蚜蟲輪換使用啶蟲脒、吡蚜酮、高效氯氰菊酯等藥劑，防控白粉病、葉銹病輪換使用氟環(huán)唑、丙環(huán)唑等藥劑；對于重發(fā)田塊，應在一次用藥后7—10天進行二次用藥。防控吸漿蟲：輪換使用阿維·吡蟲啉、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氟·吡蟲啉等藥劑。
 
　　噴霧助劑添加
 
　　施藥作業(yè)前，應在藥液中添加適量的改性植物油、礦物油等噴霧助劑并混合均勻，用于改善農藥藥液性能，提高霧滴沉降、抗飄移、耐雨水沖刷、抗蒸發(fā)等性能。
 
　　注意事項
 
　　(一)施藥作業(yè)前，要調查作業(yè)周邊環(huán)境、確定作業(yè)區(qū)域及邊界。根據作業(yè)區(qū)域，綜合評估潛在風險，防止噴霧霧滴飄移造成非靶標生物毒害和周邊作物藥害。
 
　　(二)施藥作業(yè)時，環(huán)境溫度不超過30℃。鑒于部分地區(qū)中午氣溫較高，因地制宜選擇在上午10點前或下午4點后施藥作業(yè)。施藥時可在穗部提前布放霧滴測試卡，進行霧滴密度檢測，為保證飛防作業(yè)質量和防治效果，建議每平方厘米霧滴數量在30個以上。
 
　　(三)起降作業(yè)時，應遠離障礙物和人員，作業(yè)人員應穿戴必要的防護用品，避免處在噴霧的下風位，嚴禁在施藥區(qū)穿行，作業(yè)時禁止吸煙及飲食。
 
　　(四)施藥防控后，要及時跟蹤調查病蟲害防治效果并做好記錄。

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