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北京：種養(yǎng)加結(jié)合打造綠色可持續(xù)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)樣板

———綠色又增產(chǎn)，高產(chǎn)又高效
2023-06-25 10:03:40 來源： 北京市農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定推廣站 閱讀量：14309 評論

導(dǎo)讀：有這樣一套先進(jìn)的機(jī)械裝備助力，提高了各環(huán)節(jié)的作業(yè)效率，搶回了農(nóng)時(shí)，也就實(shí)現(xiàn)了園區(qū)內(nèi)的種養(yǎng)資源循環(huán)利用了。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】風(fēng)吹麥浪夏收忙，機(jī)械轟隆滿糧倉！在順義區(qū)李遂鎮(zhèn)，有這樣一個園區(qū)，那里的糧食產(chǎn)量高、土壤地力肥、秸稈全利用、牛兒肉鮮美，在這個三夏農(nóng)忙時(shí)節(jié)，讓我們一起來看看這里有什么妙招吧。
 
　　種養(yǎng)加結(jié)合發(fā)展模式為糧食增產(chǎn)提供支撐
  
　　立足我市的農(nóng)業(yè)資源稟賦和生產(chǎn)條件，如何在有限的土地上、在減少化肥等農(nóng)業(yè)投入品等生產(chǎn)要素的條件下持續(xù)獲得豐富的農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品呢？關(guān)鍵在于種養(yǎng)加結(jié)合發(fā)展，提高單產(chǎn)水平。
 
　　基于這個考慮，北京市農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定推廣站聯(lián)合順義區(qū)等市區(qū)兩級農(nóng)業(yè)部門在李遂鎮(zhèn)打造了一個種養(yǎng)加結(jié)合示范區(qū)。這是一個由種植合作社、養(yǎng)殖合作社、農(nóng)機(jī)合作社、農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物處理企業(yè)組成的種養(yǎng)加結(jié)合、農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物循環(huán)利用的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)園區(qū)。
 
　　其中種植合作社種植冬小麥-夏玉米兩茬作物，種植籽種小麥用來良種繁育，種植青貯玉米為養(yǎng)殖合作社提供優(yōu)良的青貯飼料，小麥秸稈一部分還田肥料化利用改良土壤，另一部分被農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物處理企業(yè)回收，與養(yǎng)殖糞便、其他農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢棄物一起好氧發(fā)酵加工制作有機(jī)肥，有機(jī)肥再回用于農(nóng)田中培肥地力，實(shí)現(xiàn)了區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)種養(yǎng)加結(jié)合、農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物全部協(xié)同處理資源化利用，并且改良了土壤培肥了地力，為糧食的穩(wěn)產(chǎn)豐產(chǎn)提供了基礎(chǔ)保障。
 
　　北京市創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)糧食作物團(tuán)隊(duì)種養(yǎng)結(jié)合技術(shù)研發(fā)崗位專家熊波介紹到，通過“良種、良機(jī)、良法、良制”的綜合施策，在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素和生產(chǎn)投入不變甚至減少的情況下，即實(shí)現(xiàn)了糧食單產(chǎn)水平的提升，又解決了農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物處理難的問題，達(dá)到了綠色又增產(chǎn)、高產(chǎn)又高效的目標(biāo)。
 
　　先進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備為糧食增產(chǎn)保供提供保障
  
　　現(xiàn)在正是三夏農(nóng)忙時(shí)節(jié)，即冬小麥夏收、玉米夏種、作物夏管，被農(nóng)業(yè)人稱為三夏。三夏時(shí)間短，搶收、搶種任務(wù)重，要想在冬小麥?zhǔn)斋@后實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈粉碎還田，或撿拾打捆離田應(yīng)用，在夏玉米播種前搶施有機(jī)肥就要有先進(jìn)的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備來幫忙，園區(qū)配套的高質(zhì)量小麥收獲機(jī)可實(shí)現(xiàn)小麥?zhǔn)斋@的同時(shí)，將秸稈粉碎均勻的拋灑在農(nóng)田里。
 
　　小麥?zhǔn)斋@機(jī)后面作業(yè)的是小麥秸稈撿拾打捆機(jī)，對于秸稈還田量飽和的地塊就進(jìn)行秸稈撿拾打捆離田應(yīng)用，該設(shè)備可實(shí)現(xiàn)粉碎的秸稈進(jìn)行撿拾、打捆，作業(yè)效率高、打捆質(zhì)量好、地面撿拾也干凈，還有配套的秸稈捆撿拾堆垛車，沒一會兒的功夫就都打捆裝車完畢。
 
　　接下來就是有機(jī)肥撒施作業(yè)，這就需要有機(jī)肥撒施設(shè)備大顯身手了，該設(shè)備為液壓推動系統(tǒng)勻速將箱體內(nèi)的肥料推出，配合尾部的螺旋拋撒系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)肥的快速均勻撒施。經(jīng)過實(shí)地檢測，該設(shè)備行進(jìn)方向撒肥均勻度較高，平均能達(dá)到90%左右，作業(yè)效率在20畝/小時(shí)，而人工撒施有機(jī)肥一天也就作業(yè)2-3畝地，省工效果十分明顯，再配套一個高質(zhì)量的玉米免耕播種機(jī)，完全不耽誤夏玉米播種日期。
 
　　有這樣一套先進(jìn)的機(jī)械裝備助力，提高了各環(huán)節(jié)的作業(yè)效率，搶回了農(nóng)時(shí)，也就實(shí)現(xiàn)了園區(qū)內(nèi)的種養(yǎng)資源循環(huán)利用了。
 
　　通過種養(yǎng)循環(huán)技術(shù)模式的探索，種養(yǎng)加循環(huán)平臺的搭建，先進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的配套，實(shí)現(xiàn)了區(qū)域內(nèi)投入品減量化、生產(chǎn)清潔化、廢棄物資源化發(fā)展目標(biāo)，在提高糧食單產(chǎn)水平的基礎(chǔ)上還培肥了地力，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”的目的。

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