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徐州出臺(tái)春季麥田化學(xué)除草技術(shù)意見

2023-02-22 09:36:56 來源：江蘇省徐州市農(nóng)機(jī)推廣站 閱讀量：22670 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：隨著氣溫逐步回升，麥田雜草即將進(jìn)入快速生長(zhǎng)期，強(qiáng)化草情監(jiān)測(cè)，搶抓有利時(shí)機(jī)，迅速開展麥田化學(xué)除草，保障小麥生長(zhǎng)安全。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】隨著氣溫逐步回升，麥田雜草即將進(jìn)入快速生長(zhǎng)期，強(qiáng)化草情監(jiān)測(cè)，搶抓有利時(shí)機(jī)，迅速開展麥田化學(xué)除草，保障小麥生長(zhǎng)安全。
 
　　一、當(dāng)前麥田雜草發(fā)生情況
 
　　徐州今年冬季整體氣溫偏高，當(dāng)前麥田雜草偏重發(fā)生，主要表現(xiàn)為：一是雜草密度高。2月6-7日普查，全市田間禾本科雜草平均密度13.7株/平方尺，未防除田塊最高達(dá)305株/平方尺，闊葉雜草平均密度11.6株/平方尺，未防除田塊最高達(dá)87株/平方尺。二是發(fā)生面積大。全市雜草發(fā)生面積339萬畝，其中需防面積達(dá)162萬畝。三是不平衡性大?？傮w來看，東南部麥區(qū)雜草發(fā)生密度高于西北部麥區(qū)、稻茬麥區(qū)高于旱茬麥區(qū)，冬前未采取土壤封閉處理的田塊雜草密度明顯高于土壤封閉處理過的田塊。未來一段時(shí)間，隨著氣溫的回升和雨水的增多，田間雜草將迅速生長(zhǎng)，并形成危害。
 
　　二、麥田雜草防控技術(shù)意見
 
　　一要選準(zhǔn)防除時(shí)間。根據(jù)近期天氣特點(diǎn)、草齡及小麥生長(zhǎng)狀況等因素綜合分析，今年防除適期為2月中旬—3月上旬(小麥拔節(jié)前)，日平均氣溫穩(wěn)定在5℃以上，避開寒流霜凍，選準(zhǔn)防除時(shí)間，迅速開展防除工作。
 
　　二要科學(xué)選用除草劑。(1)以硬草、日本看麥娘、節(jié)節(jié)麥等禾本科雜草為主的田塊，可選用唑啉草酯、啶磺草胺、唑啉·炔草酯、氟唑·炔草酯等除草劑防除；對(duì)雜草密度較高，草齡偏大，可適當(dāng)增加用藥量。(2)以豬殃殃、播娘蒿、牛繁縷等闊葉雜草為主的田塊，可選用氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯、雙氟·氟氯酯、雙氟·唑草酮等除草劑防除。(3)禾本科雜草與闊葉雜草混生田塊，可選擇上述除草劑進(jìn)行兩次防除，即先防除一遍闊葉雜草，隔5天左右再防除一遍禾本科雜草，也可選擇上述兩類藥劑組合用藥。(4)注意事項(xiàng)：施藥時(shí)要避開“倒春寒”天氣；苗齡偏大或低洼積水的小麥田謹(jǐn)慎用藥；前期遭遇低溫凍害嚴(yán)重的田塊，須等凍害恢復(fù)后開展化除，避免加重凍藥害；禁止使用長(zhǎng)殘留期除草劑；炔草酯、唑啉草酯等與激素類除草劑混用易產(chǎn)生藥害，氯氟吡氧乙酸與苯醚甲環(huán)唑混用時(shí)易產(chǎn)生藥害。
 
　　三要加強(qiáng)技術(shù)服務(wù)指導(dǎo)。充分利用電視、廣播、報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、微信、明白紙、農(nóng)信通等多種形式和途徑，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)，及時(shí)把雜草防除信息和技術(shù)送到千家萬戶，讓農(nóng)戶充分認(rèn)識(shí)到雜草防除的重要性，熟練掌握雜草防除技術(shù)，增強(qiáng)防除雜草的自覺性和主動(dòng)性；要大力推廣自走式噴桿噴霧機(jī)等高效植保機(jī)械，用足藥量、兌足水量，噴勻噴透，防止漏噴降低效果，重噴引起藥害；科學(xué)管控好無人機(jī)施藥，防止漂移造成藥害。要根據(jù)田間實(shí)際情況，強(qiáng)化分類指導(dǎo)，對(duì)不同土壤墑情、苗情的農(nóng)戶分別提出指導(dǎo)意見。針對(duì)部分田塊播后未及時(shí)開展冬前化除或防治效果不理想的田塊，要迅速組織開展化學(xué)防除，減少雜草對(duì)小麥生產(chǎn)的危害。

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