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各縣項(xiàng)目投資30萬，山西省推廣水肥一體化技術(shù)實(shí)施方案定了！

2022-06-08 14:36:37 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：33147 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展中心印發(fā)《水肥一體化技術(shù)試驗(yàn)示范項(xiàng)目實(shí)施方案》，要求大力發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)，實(shí)施化肥使用量零增長行動，推廣普及水肥一體化技術(shù)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 政策與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】山西省位于黃土高原東部，境內(nèi)地形復(fù)雜高低相關(guān)懸殊，土地面積1562.7萬公頃，其中平原為308.2萬公頃，山地和丘陵占土地面積的80.3% ；全省均為大陸性氣候，是我國北方典型的半干旱區(qū)；地面水和地下水資源均缺乏，人均水資源占有量居全國倒數(shù)第二位。
 

 

　　大力發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)，實(shí)施化肥使用量零增長行動，推廣普及水肥一體化技術(shù)，全面提升水資源和化肥利用率，是保障國家糧食安全、發(fā)展現(xiàn)代節(jié)水型農(nóng)業(yè)、轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式、促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路。
 
　　近日，山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展中心印發(fā)了糧食作物生產(chǎn)9個機(jī)械化新技術(shù)示范推廣項(xiàng)目實(shí)施方案。其中，《水肥一體化技術(shù)試驗(yàn)示范項(xiàng)目實(shí)施方案》要求結(jié)合各地農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)和需求，以水肥一體化技術(shù)試驗(yàn)示范工作為主要內(nèi)容，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，提升山西省生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)水平。
 
　　資金使用計(jì)劃：每個縣項(xiàng)目資金30萬元。其中，示范裝備購置補(bǔ)助資金28萬元(單系統(tǒng)補(bǔ)貼額不得超售價80%)；示范點(diǎn)建設(shè)、試驗(yàn)示范物料購置、數(shù)據(jù)采集、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)觀摩等推廣活動2萬元。
 
　　主要工作內(nèi)容：
 
　　在晉源區(qū)、渾源縣、懷仁市、新絳縣、嵐縣五縣(市、區(qū))分別建立水肥一體化節(jié)本增效灌溉技術(shù)項(xiàng)目示范點(diǎn)各200畝。選型引進(jìn)水肥一體化智能灌溉系統(tǒng)裝備，示范點(diǎn)內(nèi)進(jìn)行物聯(lián)網(wǎng)智能定時灌溉施肥、遠(yuǎn)程控制分區(qū)灌溉施肥、比例自主注肥、土壤氣象監(jiān)控等技術(shù)的應(yīng)用示范，對引進(jìn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行技術(shù)試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證、完善水肥一體化技術(shù)規(guī)范。
 
　　開展應(yīng)用考核，做好水肥一體化節(jié)本增效灌溉技術(shù)作業(yè)成本核算工作。認(rèn)真開展灌溉、施肥、施藥等生產(chǎn)作業(yè)，做好節(jié)水、節(jié)肥、節(jié)藥、節(jié)能和長勢、產(chǎn)量諸方面的數(shù)據(jù)采集分析，核算機(jī)具作業(yè)成本(包括電費(fèi)、人工、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)等環(huán)節(jié))，各環(huán)節(jié)成本主要包括人工、折舊、維修等費(fèi)用，在此基礎(chǔ)上分析作業(yè)成本，形成機(jī)具試驗(yàn)考核報(bào)告。
 
　　適時開展示范、觀摩及推廣演示活動。
 
　　主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容及規(guī)范——水肥一體化技術(shù)根據(jù)作物需求，對農(nóng)田水分和養(yǎng)分進(jìn)行綜合調(diào)控和一體化管理，以水促肥、實(shí)現(xiàn)水肥耦合，全面提升農(nóng)田水肥利用效率。
 
　　組成部分：水肥一體化系統(tǒng)一般包括供水系統(tǒng)、供肥系統(tǒng)和灌溉系統(tǒng)三部分。供水系統(tǒng)由蓄水池、水泵、管網(wǎng)、過濾系統(tǒng)及閥門組成；供肥系統(tǒng)由施肥機(jī)、肥料桶及閥門組成；灌溉系統(tǒng)由田間管網(wǎng)和灌溉器組成。
 
　　灌溉方式：水肥一體化的灌水方式可采用管道灌溉、噴灌、微噴灌、泵加壓滴灌、重力滴灌、滲灌、小管出流等。
 
　　灌溉方法：灌溉施肥的程序分三個階段：第一階段，在水泵運(yùn)行正常后緩慢開啟水泵出水管道上的控制閥門，逐條沖洗管道并進(jìn)行灌水；第二階段，按照農(nóng)藝要求根據(jù)設(shè)定好的程序，將肥料溶液經(jīng)水肥機(jī)注入管道中施入作物根部土壤；第三階段，用不含肥的水清洗灌溉系統(tǒng)，將管道中殘留的肥液完全排除。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展中心。
 

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