今年春播：這種“播種神器”又火了

2022-03-16 09:46:12 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：41705 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】播種機(jī)能夠按照農(nóng)藝要求，準(zhǔn)確地將種子、化肥送到種床，它不但大大地減輕農(nóng)民的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，還能夠節(jié)約種子、搶農(nóng)時(shí)、提高播種質(zhì)量，為農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)增收提供了可靠的保障。水稻種植機(jī)化是關(guān)系我國糧食安全的重大戰(zhàn)略問題，目前我國農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化水平快速增長，而水稻生產(chǎn)中機(jī)械化種植依然是薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。
 
　　隨著廣大農(nóng)民對機(jī)播技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的認(rèn)同程度不斷提高，對播種機(jī)總體需求也有所增長。近日，一種“印刷播種技術(shù)”在重慶市永川區(qū)五間鎮(zhèn)推廣使用。這種精確定量播種技術(shù)，可節(jié)約大約三分之一以上的用種量；播種成行，可提高10%以上的產(chǎn)量，播種速度比常規(guī)育秧快30%以上。
 
　　據(jù)了解，從2021年3月至今，重慶永川區(qū)使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的農(nóng)田已達(dá)2萬多畝，每畝農(nóng)田節(jié)約人工、種子、管理等成本120元以上，新技術(shù)切切實(shí)實(shí)讓農(nóng)民得到了實(shí)惠。
 
　　聽起來很神奇，那它是如何進(jìn)行印刷播種的？在生產(chǎn)育秧前，像印刷報(bào)紙一樣，先把稻種通過膠點(diǎn)粘附固定在成卷的紙張上，再把紙張鋪到秧田里，紙張上蓋一層塑料薄膜，在露水的作用下，被“印”在紙上的種子就發(fā)芽生長，而“印”有種子的紙張也可以在泥水中自動(dòng)降解，印刷播種機(jī)采用的是不加熒光粉、無毒無害的普通紙張，食用膠由玉米淀粉構(gòu)成，經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保，遇水可溶解于土壤，不會造成環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)。相比傳統(tǒng)播種，這種“印刷播種技術(shù)”能實(shí)現(xiàn)稻種的勻播、精播，節(jié)省30%以上的稻種，種子漏播率低于1%。不僅如此，該機(jī)具對水稻品種無特殊要求，常規(guī)水稻和雜交水稻都適用。
 
　　其實(shí)，近幾年這種印刷播種機(jī)就已經(jīng)在多個(gè)地區(qū)推廣和應(yīng)用。
 
　　常德市安鄉(xiāng)縣——2021年春耕時(shí)節(jié)，在常德市安鄉(xiāng)縣三岔河鎮(zhèn)昌源農(nóng)作物種植專業(yè)合作社的育秧大棚里，1臺印刷播種機(jī)正在作業(yè)，這種播種技術(shù)叫“三一”栽培技術(shù)，與機(jī)插秧技術(shù)相配套，是農(nóng)藝和農(nóng)技結(jié)合的新發(fā)明。這種“三一”栽培技術(shù)已在湖南省常德市安鄉(xiāng)縣連續(xù)試點(diǎn)3年，技術(shù)成熟，2021年起已全面推廣“三一”栽培技術(shù)、工廠化集中育秧。
 
　　四川省眉山市——東坡區(qū)是全國糧食生產(chǎn)大縣、中國優(yōu)質(zhì)稻米之鄉(xiāng)和全省重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)基地。為提高水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化率，該區(qū)每年都會更新播種技術(shù)。據(jù)悉，早在2020年3月19日，東坡區(qū)水稻種植大戶王元威就引進(jìn)了這樣一臺“印刷播種機(jī)”，成為四川省眉山市首臺“印刷播種機(jī)”。
 
　　目前，“水稻印刷播種機(jī)插栽培技術(shù)”主要在湖南、安徽、湖北等地合作社及種糧大戶間推廣應(yīng)用。這既是對小蔸密植和水稻機(jī)插秧技術(shù)的重大創(chuàng)新，也是雜交水稻栽培技術(shù)的重要發(fā)展，填補(bǔ)了單本密植機(jī)插技術(shù)發(fā)展之前的雙季稻機(jī)插品種配套技術(shù)空白。隨著該技術(shù)的逐漸成熟，將獲得更大范圍的普及。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：央視網(wǎng)、眉山日報(bào)、湖南日報(bào)。

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