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耕地保護丨全國各省多措并舉護良田

2022-02-15 09:58:12 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:42942 評論

導(dǎo)讀:2021年末,中共中央政治局常委會會議專題研究“三農(nóng)”工作。習(xí)近平總書記再次對耕地保護提出明確要求:18億畝耕地必須實至名歸,農(nóng)田就是農(nóng)田,而且必須是良田。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】國以民為本,民以食為天,土為糧之母,耕地是糧食安全的載體。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,1957年至1996年,我國耕地年均凈減少超過600萬畝;1996年至2008年,年均凈減少超過1000萬畝;2009年至2019年,年均凈減少超過1100萬畝。這一趨勢反映在人均耕地面積上是,一調(diào)(第一次全國土地調(diào)查)為1.59畝、二調(diào)1.52畝、三調(diào)1.36畝。
 
  需警惕的是,現(xiàn)有耕地19.18億畝,如果以這樣的速度減少,10年后可能會突破18億畝紅線。嚴格土地管理,直接關(guān)系到國家糧食安全。守住耕地紅線,不僅數(shù)量上不能減少,質(zhì)量上也不能搞“變通”。2021年末,中共中央政治局常委會會議專題研究“三農(nóng)”工作。習(xí)近平總書記再次對耕地保護提出明確要求:18億畝耕地必須實至名歸,農(nóng)田就是農(nóng)田,而且必須是良田。
 

  目前,一些省份耕地保有量已突破耕地紅線,有的甚至低于劃定的永久基本農(nóng)田面積。近期,為響應(yīng)這一重要號召,全國多省/市開始推行或?qū)嵤┫嚓P(guān)舉措支持耕地保護。
 
  黑龍江打造黑土保護“龍江模式”2.0版
  
  為了進一步加強保護黑土地,不斷升級黑土地保護“龍江模式”,推進中國科學(xué)院“黑土糧倉”科技會戰(zhàn)實施,夯實黑龍江省在保障國家糧食安全中的“壓艙石”和“穩(wěn)壓器”作用,省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳組織了來自中科院東北地理所、省農(nóng)科院、省黑土保護利用研究院等19家單位、30余位專家,共同成立了黑土耕地保護協(xié)同創(chuàng)新推廣體系(簡稱黑土體系)。這也是全國首個黑土地保護專家體系。
 
  湖南省實施《中華人民共和國土地管理法》辦法
 
  《湖南省實施<中華人民共和國土地管理法>辦法》于2022年1月19日經(jīng)湖南省第十三屆人民代表大會第五次會議通過,已予公布,自2022年3月1日起施行。
 
  《陜西省耕地保護激勵暫行辦法》印發(fā)
 
  日前,省政府辦公廳印發(fā)《陜西省耕地保護激勵暫行辦法》(以下簡稱《辦法》),進一步落實好最嚴格的耕地保護制度,建立健全適應(yīng)我省經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平的耕地保護激勵機制,助力鄉(xiāng)村振興。
 
  《辦法》明確,全省每年確定3個市、15個縣(市、區(qū))、100個鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民政府作為省級激勵對象,對受省級激勵鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民政府一次性給予100萬元資金獎勵?!掇k法》提出,省級自然資源管理部門牽頭負責(zé)對全省耕地保護工作進行考核評價,并對耕地保護激勵資金進行跟蹤問效?!掇k法》要求,省級耕地保護激勵資金主要用于農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施后期管護與修繕、耕地開發(fā)和耕地質(zhì)量提升、永久基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)與保護。
 
  浙江省計劃落實最嚴耕地保護制度
 
  為提升耕地質(zhì)量,加強高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè),浙江省將以“田長制”為載體,進一步強化耕地用途管制制度、耕地占補平衡制度、耕地進出平衡制度、耕地目標責(zé)任考核制度等一系列剛性約束制度管地,強化補充耕地項目選址審查,嚴把驗收關(guān),創(chuàng)新后期管護方式,實施耕地質(zhì)量保護與提升行動,確保“占優(yōu)補優(yōu)”,做到“占劣補優(yōu)”。
 
  同時,持續(xù)推進“百千萬”永久基本農(nóng)田集中連片整治工程、鄉(xiāng)村全域土地綜合整治“3+X”2.0工程,形成一批“百畝方、千畝方、萬畝方”集中連片優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地。充分運用數(shù)字化改革成果精準管地,推廣“耕地智保”“天巡地查”應(yīng)用場景,實行全覆蓋、無死角的動態(tài)監(jiān)管,實現(xiàn)違法違規(guī)占用耕地行為、耕地變化“早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早制止、早處置”。
 
  江蘇省財政下達15億元支持耕地保護
 
  為促進土地資源合理利用,提高國土空間治理能力,保障糧食安全。近期,江蘇省財政廳下達市縣新增建設(shè)用地土地有償使用費15億元,統(tǒng)籌用于基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)、耕地開發(fā)、國土空間全域綜合整治等項目。
 
  四川構(gòu)建“五級”耕保網(wǎng)格化監(jiān)管體系
 
  近日召開的2022年四川省自然資源工作會議提出,積極推行“田長制”,推動建立耕地保護“省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)、村”五級網(wǎng)格化監(jiān)管體系。會議提出,2022年全面加強耕地保護,堅決守住耕地保護紅線,壓緊壓實耕地保護責(zé)任。會議明確,落實最嚴格的節(jié)約集約用地制度,制定《四川省建設(shè)項目節(jié)地評價規(guī)程》,規(guī)范審批標準、細化審查要點,從嚴管控占用耕地特別是永久基本農(nóng)田。
 
  13億人口的吃飯問題,始終是我國一件頭等重要的大事,保證國家糧食安全,最根本的是保護耕地。保護耕地就是保護我們自己和子孫后代。當下,我們面臨耕地質(zhì)量保護和數(shù)量保護這一世界級難題,也是一個需要持續(xù)長期去攻關(guān)的課題。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:黑龍江日報、陜西日報、浙江日報、湖南人大網(wǎng)、江蘇省財政廳、中國新聞網(wǎng)、中國自然資源報
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