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耕地保護丨全國各省多措并舉護良田

2022-02-15 09:58:12 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：42942 評論

導(dǎo)讀：2021年末，中共中央政治局常委會會議專題研究“三農(nóng)”工作。習(xí)近平總書記再次對耕地保護提出明確要求：18億畝耕地必須實至名歸，農(nóng)田就是農(nóng)田，而且必須是良田。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】國以民為本，民以食為天，土為糧之母，耕地是糧食安全的載體。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，1957年至1996年，我國耕地年均凈減少超過600萬畝；1996年至2008年，年均凈減少超過1000萬畝；2009年至2019年，年均凈減少超過1100萬畝。這一趨勢反映在人均耕地面積上是，一調(diào)(第一次全國土地調(diào)查)為1.59畝、二調(diào)1.52畝、三調(diào)1.36畝。
 
　　需警惕的是，現(xiàn)有耕地19.18億畝，如果以這樣的速度減少，10年后可能會突破18億畝紅線。嚴格土地管理，直接關(guān)系到國家糧食安全。守住耕地紅線，不僅數(shù)量上不能減少，質(zhì)量上也不能搞“變通”。2021年末，中共中央政治局常委會會議專題研究“三農(nóng)”工作。習(xí)近平總書記再次對耕地保護提出明確要求：18億畝耕地必須實至名歸，農(nóng)田就是農(nóng)田，而且必須是良田。
 

　　目前，一些省份耕地保有量已突破耕地紅線，有的甚至低于劃定的永久基本農(nóng)田面積。近期，為響應(yīng)這一重要號召，全國多省/市開始推行或?qū)嵤┫嚓P(guān)舉措支持耕地保護。
 
　　黑龍江打造黑土保護“龍江模式”2.0版
　　
　　為了進一步加強保護黑土地，不斷升級黑土地保護“龍江模式”，推進中國科學(xué)院“黑土糧倉”科技會戰(zhàn)實施，夯實黑龍江省在保障國家糧食安全中的“壓艙石”和“穩(wěn)壓器”作用，省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳組織了來自中科院東北地理所、省農(nóng)科院、省黑土保護利用研究院等19家單位、30余位專家，共同成立了黑土耕地保護協(xié)同創(chuàng)新推廣體系(簡稱黑土體系)。這也是全國首個黑土地保護專家體系。
 
　　湖南省實施《中華人民共和國土地管理法》辦法
 
　　《湖南省實施<中華人民共和國土地管理法>辦法》于2022年1月19日經(jīng)湖南省第十三屆人民代表大會第五次會議通過，已予公布，自2022年3月1日起施行。
 
　　《陜西省耕地保護激勵暫行辦法》印發(fā)
 
　　日前，省政府辦公廳印發(fā)《陜西省耕地保護激勵暫行辦法》(以下簡稱《辦法》)，進一步落實好最嚴格的耕地保護制度，建立健全適應(yīng)我省經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平的耕地保護激勵機制，助力鄉(xiāng)村振興。
 
　　《辦法》明確，全省每年確定3個市、15個縣(市、區(qū))、100個鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民政府作為省級激勵對象，對受省級激勵鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民政府一次性給予100萬元資金獎勵?！掇k法》提出，省級自然資源管理部門牽頭負責(zé)對全省耕地保護工作進行考核評價，并對耕地保護激勵資金進行跟蹤問效?！掇k法》要求，省級耕地保護激勵資金主要用于農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施后期管護與修繕、耕地開發(fā)和耕地質(zhì)量提升、永久基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)與保護。
 
　　浙江省計劃落實最嚴耕地保護制度
 
　　為提升耕地質(zhì)量，加強高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)，浙江省將以“田長制”為載體，進一步強化耕地用途管制制度、耕地占補平衡制度、耕地進出平衡制度、耕地目標責(zé)任考核制度等一系列剛性約束制度管地，強化補充耕地項目選址審查，嚴把驗收關(guān)，創(chuàng)新后期管護方式，實施耕地質(zhì)量保護與提升行動，確保“占優(yōu)補優(yōu)”，做到“占劣補優(yōu)”。
 
　　同時，持續(xù)推進“百千萬”永久基本農(nóng)田集中連片整治工程、鄉(xiāng)村全域土地綜合整治“3+X”2.0工程，形成一批“百畝方、千畝方、萬畝方”集中連片優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地。充分運用數(shù)字化改革成果精準管地，推廣“耕地智保”“天巡地查”應(yīng)用場景，實行全覆蓋、無死角的動態(tài)監(jiān)管，實現(xiàn)違法違規(guī)占用耕地行為、耕地變化“早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早制止、早處置”。
 
　　江蘇省財政下達15億元支持耕地保護
 
　　為促進土地資源合理利用，提高國土空間治理能力，保障糧食安全。近期，江蘇省財政廳下達市縣新增建設(shè)用地土地有償使用費15億元，統(tǒng)籌用于基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)、耕地開發(fā)、國土空間全域綜合整治等項目。
 
　　四川構(gòu)建“五級”耕保網(wǎng)格化監(jiān)管體系
 
　　近日召開的2022年四川省自然資源工作會議提出，積極推行“田長制”，推動建立耕地保護“省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)、村”五級網(wǎng)格化監(jiān)管體系。會議提出，2022年全面加強耕地保護，堅決守住耕地保護紅線，壓緊壓實耕地保護責(zé)任。會議明確，落實最嚴格的節(jié)約集約用地制度，制定《四川省建設(shè)項目節(jié)地評價規(guī)程》，規(guī)范審批標準、細化審查要點，從嚴管控占用耕地特別是永久基本農(nóng)田。
 
　　13億人口的吃飯問題，始終是我國一件頭等重要的大事，保證國家糧食安全，最根本的是保護耕地。保護耕地就是保護我們自己和子孫后代。當下，我們面臨耕地質(zhì)量保護和數(shù)量保護這一世界級難題，也是一個需要持續(xù)長期去攻關(guān)的課題。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)（m.qktnz.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：黑龍江日報、陜西日報、浙江日報、湖南人大網(wǎng)、江蘇省財政廳、中國新聞網(wǎng)、中國自然資源報

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