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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)《今冬明春應(yīng)對(duì)拉尼娜科學(xué)抗災(zāi)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供預(yù)案》

2021-11-24 08:57:53 來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量：15491 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：為貫徹落實(shí)黨的十九屆六中全會(huì)精神，全力保障糧食和重要副食品供給安全，近日農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)《今冬明春應(yīng)對(duì)拉尼娜科學(xué)抗災(zāi)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供預(yù)案》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《預(yù)案》)，要求各地提早落實(shí)防范措施，積極應(yīng)對(duì)、精準(zhǔn)指導(dǎo)、努力減輕災(zāi)害影響，全力贏得夏季糧油豐收主動(dòng)權(quán)，確保今冬明春蔬菜穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 為貫徹落實(shí)黨的十九屆六中全會(huì)精神，全力保障糧食和重要副食品供給安全，近日農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)《今冬明春應(yīng)對(duì)拉尼娜科學(xué)抗災(zāi)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供預(yù)案》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《預(yù)案》)，要求各地提早落實(shí)防范措施，積極應(yīng)對(duì)、精準(zhǔn)指導(dǎo)、努力減輕災(zāi)害影響，全力贏得夏季糧油豐收主動(dòng)權(quán)，確保今冬明春蔬菜穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)。
 
　　《預(yù)案》指出，目前全球已進(jìn)入拉尼娜狀態(tài)，預(yù)計(jì)冬季將形成一次弱到中等強(qiáng)度的拉尼娜事件，農(nóng)業(yè)自然災(zāi)害防范形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜，防災(zāi)減災(zāi)任務(wù)異常繁重。必須始終樹立“防災(zāi)就是增產(chǎn)、減損就是增糧”的理念，早研判、早謀劃、早動(dòng)手，狠抓關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)、落實(shí)重大技術(shù)，以做好防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的確定性應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)害的不確定性。
 
　　《預(yù)案》分區(qū)域提出農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)主要技術(shù)措施。一是防范北方冬麥區(qū)低溫凍害。墑情適宜時(shí)，科學(xué)適度鎮(zhèn)壓，提高保暖防凍能力；堅(jiān)持以水調(diào)溫，早春密切關(guān)注天氣變化，降溫前及時(shí)灌水，改善土壤墑情，調(diào)節(jié)近地面層小氣候，減小地面溫度變化幅度，防御凍害；強(qiáng)化早春田管，對(duì)弱苗及時(shí)追肥，促進(jìn)苗情轉(zhuǎn)化升級(jí)，提高防凍能力；對(duì)遭受凍害的麥田，分類施肥補(bǔ)救，促進(jìn)恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)。二是防范露地和設(shè)施蔬菜凍害。設(shè)施蔬菜產(chǎn)區(qū)及早檢查加固棚室，及時(shí)清除積雪，加保溫棉被、草苫等材料，覆蓋防寒；露地蔬菜產(chǎn)區(qū)加強(qiáng)中耕培土，寒潮過(guò)后加強(qiáng)遮陽(yáng)覆蓋、延緩凍融；抓住晴好天氣葉面追肥，提高抗性；加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)病蟲害防控。三是防范北方冬麥區(qū)春旱。加強(qiáng)墑情監(jiān)測(cè)，一旦旱情發(fā)生，集中有限水源澆水保苗；大力推廣耙耱劃鋤鎮(zhèn)壓等措施，促進(jìn)小麥返青生長(zhǎng)；葉面噴施抗旱保水劑，增加植物的抗旱性。四是防范東北西部春旱。合理調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)避災(zāi)，推廣抗旱“坐水種”、地膜覆蓋、膜下滴灌等抗旱技術(shù)，組織好跨區(qū)機(jī)耕機(jī)播作業(yè)，確保種在適播期；科學(xué)確定主推品種，及早搞好種子調(diào)劑調(diào)運(yùn)。五是防范黑龍江中東部春澇。加快排水降漬，利用春季溫度回升、風(fēng)力較大的有利條件，翻耕晾曬散墑；及早騰茬整地，加快清除田間秸稈，推進(jìn)科學(xué)整地、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化整地；適時(shí)適墑播種，及早確定適宜熟期品種并做好種子準(zhǔn)備；加強(qiáng)機(jī)具調(diào)度，支持農(nóng)機(jī)合作社、農(nóng)機(jī)大戶等主體，帶動(dòng)小農(nóng)戶高質(zhì)量開展春耕春播。六是防范江南華南冬春連旱。千方百計(jì)廣辟水源，冬閑田提早蓄水、備耕；落實(shí)抗旱田管措施，有水源的地區(qū)及時(shí)澆灌保苗，做到能澆盡澆、能保則保；對(duì)因旱絕收地塊，因地制宜搞好改種補(bǔ)種；要確保適時(shí)播栽，加強(qiáng)種子種苗調(diào)劑調(diào)運(yùn)，推廣水稻集中育秧，優(yōu)先保證育秧用水。

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