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2020年大蒜機械化生產田間演示會在青島平度舉行
2020-05-27
09:34:07
來源:山東農機院 閱讀量:21821
評論
導讀: 實現(xiàn)大蒜種收機械化生產,機器生產效率是人工效率的20倍以上,可節(jié)約勞動力50%,如果形成年產1000臺播種機和收獲機的生產規(guī)模,可提供就業(yè)崗位300多個,將大力推進農業(yè)增效、農民增收。
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農機網 熱點關注】 又是一年蒜飄香,又是一年收獲時。5月26日上午,2020年大蒜機械化生產田間演示會在平度仁兆鎮(zhèn)東寨子村的蔬菜試驗示范基地舉行。山東省農業(yè)農村廳、山東省農機推廣站、青島市農業(yè)農村局農機管理處、青島市農機服務中心、山東省農業(yè)機械科學研究院、青島農業(yè)大學、山東省農業(yè)科學院蔬菜花卉研究所、平度市農業(yè)農村局、山東省瑪麗亞農業(yè)機械有限公司、山東華源萊動
內燃機有限公司等單位的領導、專家及相關人員共40余人參加了現(xiàn)場活動。
活動現(xiàn)場氣氛熱烈,兩臺大蒜
播種機、四臺
大蒜收獲機引來不少種植戶的圍觀。專家分別講解了大蒜旋耕精量正芽播種機、大蒜前置式挖掘鋪放收獲機、大蒜后置式夾拔鋪放收獲機、大蒜打捆式收獲機、4DS-1200型切挖組合式大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機等機具的結構功能、工作原理和性能參數(shù)。隨著機器轟隆隆的前進,各種收獲機紛紛上陣作業(yè),進行了現(xiàn)場機械化收獲演示。其中,后置式鋪放收獲機是我們現(xiàn)在常見的機型,結構簡單實用,能夠實現(xiàn)大蒜挖掘、夾持、拔取、匯集輸送和鋪放等一系列作業(yè),而前置式鋪放收獲機則完全適用于大蒜主產區(qū)的畦種模式,不傷蒜、收獲快;打捆式收獲機實現(xiàn)了大蒜挖掘、夾持、匯集輸送和打捆等功能,可以將大蒜連桿捆結成束,減少收集大蒜的撿拾時間、降低勞動強度;切挖組合式大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機則實現(xiàn)了大蒜切秧、挖掘、去土、輸送和收集裝箱等一體化作業(yè),有效的將蒜莖與蒜頭分離干凈,更是大大提高了蒜農收獲時的勞動效率。
我國大蒜生產在世界舞臺上占據(jù)舉足輕重的地位,全國大蒜主產區(qū)種植面積640余萬畝,而山東是我國大蒜的主產區(qū)之一,大蒜產業(yè)是山東特色的優(yōu)勢產業(yè),種植面積300萬畝以上(其中主產區(qū)260余萬畝),年產量約800萬噸,年出口貿易量約160萬噸,素有“世界大蒜看中國,中國大蒜看山東”的美譽。但是,我國大蒜產業(yè)綜合機械化水平尚不足10%,正處于由傳統(tǒng)生產模式向機械化生產模式轉變的起步階段,收獲作為大蒜生產的主要生產環(huán)節(jié)之一,目前的機械化率不足1%。據(jù)了解,收獲環(huán)節(jié)人工費用已達到1600元/畝-2000元/畝,占總生產成本的40%以上,尤其是隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化水平的不斷提升,勞力短缺的產業(yè)困境日趨嚴峻,迫切需要實現(xiàn)機械化收獲。
山東省農機院早在90年代就開展了對大蒜機械化生產相關技術的研究,在十幾年的研究過程中逐步明確制約大蒜機械化生產的主要問題,重點突破制約大蒜機械大蒜播種、收獲等生產的關鍵技術難題,并從全程機械化生產角度提出適宜機械化作業(yè)的種植模式,開始了大蒜播種機和聯(lián)合收獲機的研制。2017年突破了大蒜精量正芽播種技術,研發(fā)出連續(xù)作業(yè)的大蒜正芽播種機,在機械化正芽播種技術的基礎上,科研團隊圍繞挖掘、蒜土分離、切莖、收集等收獲步驟又研制出了大蒜分段收獲和聯(lián)合收獲兩種機具。據(jù)測試,機械收獲1小時3-5畝,機械作業(yè)和人工收獲相比,生產效率可提高40倍,畝收獲費用支出降低80%以上,經濟效益和社會效益極為顯著。
此次活動由山東省農業(yè)機械科學研究院、青島農業(yè)大學聯(lián)合主辦,平度市農業(yè)機械服務中心、山東省農業(yè)科學院蔬菜花卉研究所、山東省瑪麗亞農業(yè)機械有限公司、山東華源萊動內燃機有限公司等單位承辦,現(xiàn)場展示的正是山東省重大科技創(chuàng)新工程“低損高效大蒜收獲關鍵技術與裝備”、山東省農機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃“大蒜生產機械化與農藝技術融合研究與驗證”的項目研究成果。
實現(xiàn)大蒜種收機械化生產,機器生產效率是人工效率的20倍以上,可節(jié)約勞動力50%,如果形成年產1000臺播種機和收獲機的生產規(guī)模,可提供就業(yè)崗位300多個,將大力推進農業(yè)增效、農民增收。我們也將以此次成果的試驗示范為契機,發(fā)揮創(chuàng)新優(yōu)勢,全面提升大蒜機械化生產裝備水平,為助力鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施、推進農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展提供強力科技支撐。
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