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農產品生產的“后一公里”——倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流建設將迎發(fā)展

2020-04-20 17:21:54 來源：農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：45929 評論

導讀：　今年以來，受疫情的影響，部分農產品銷路受阻，囤積的產品由于缺乏存儲冷庫而腐爛，給農民帶來了損失，同時也把農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流建設的需求擺上了更迫切的位置。

　　【農機網 編輯視角】 我是農產品生產大國，但很多農產品由于其特殊性，在加工、運輸、配送等物流環(huán)節(jié)極易出現(xiàn)腐爛、變質甚至是損毀的情況。同時，隨著人們對肉禽蛋奶水果等生鮮產品的品質需求不斷增高，生產規(guī)模也在迅速擴大，使得市場對農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流的需求越來越大。
 
　　今年以來，受疫情的影響，部分農產品銷路受阻，囤積的產品由于缺乏存儲冷庫而腐爛，給農民帶來了損失，同時也把農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流建設的需求擺上了更迫切的位置。
 

　　冷鏈物流發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀是怎樣的？
 
　　由于我國物流行業(yè)起步較晚，當前冷鏈物流基礎設施建設總體水平還不高，發(fā)展短板亟待補齊。如基礎設施設備結構性不平衡，冷鏈物流成本居高不下等，尤其是農產品冷鏈物流發(fā)展滯后，“賣不了、運不出、儲不行、成本高、虧損大”現(xiàn)象仍然存在，這嚴重影響行業(yè)的高效發(fā)展。
 
　　國家有哪些支持政策？
 
　　早在2010年，為了促進農產品冷鏈物流的發(fā)展，國家發(fā)展改革委出臺了《農產品冷鏈物流發(fā)展規(guī)劃》，明確完善了冷鏈物流標準體系、加強冷鏈物流基礎設施建設等七項主要任務。此后，各種扶持政策也相繼出臺。2017年國務院就出臺了《關于加快發(fā)展冷鏈物流保障食品安全促進消費升級的意見》；2019年年初，國家發(fā)改委、商務部等24個有關部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《關于推動物流高質量發(fā)展 促進形成強大國內市場的意見》中，也涉及多項冷鏈物流發(fā)展意見；2019年，中共中央召開會議，*寫入城鄉(xiāng)冷鏈物流設施建設。
 
　　而今年的中央1號文件明確提出要啟動農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設施建設工程：以特色農產品優(yōu)勢區(qū)、鮮活農產品主產區(qū)為重點，通過以獎代補、貸款貼息、落實優(yōu)惠電價等措施，支持農民合作社、家庭農場建設一批田頭倉儲保鮮、分揀包裝、產后初加工等設施，提升農產品產地商品化處理能力。結合“菜籃子”工程，支持在大中城市建設一批農產品骨干冷鏈物流基地，打造區(qū)域農產品冷鏈物流樞紐，提升肉奶、蔬菜水果等鮮活農產品供應能力。
 
　　此外，在農業(yè)農村部前不久發(fā)布的《2020年鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)工作要點》中也提到了大力發(fā)展倉儲物流：創(chuàng)新發(fā)展綠色循環(huán)優(yōu)質高效特色農業(yè)，建設綠色化、標準化、規(guī)?；?、產業(yè)化特色農產品生產基地，完善倉儲加工物流等全產業(yè)鏈條，加強質量管控和品牌宣傳，提升優(yōu)勢特色產業(yè)的質量效益水平；支持返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)在鄉(xiāng)人員發(fā)展新產業(yè)，培育“互聯(lián)網+創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)”“生鮮電商+冷鏈宅配”“中央廚房+食材冷鏈配送”等新業(yè)態(tài)，探索智能生產、平臺經濟和資源共享等新模式。
 
　　建設工程當前實施情況是怎樣的？
 
　　在4月19日國務院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制就抓好春季農業(yè)生產和農產品保供工作情況發(fā)布會上，農業(yè)農村部市場與信息化司一級巡視員陳萍在談到農產品倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設施建設工程當前進展時表示，今年農業(yè)農村部將以鮮活農產品主產區(qū)、特色農產品優(yōu)勢區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)為重點，啟動農產品產地倉儲保鮮冷鏈設施建設工作。在實施區(qū)域上，重點支持湖北等16個省(區(qū)、市)，選擇產業(yè)重點縣來實施；在實施主體上，主要實施縣級以上示范家庭農場和農村合作社的示范社；在實施方式上，按照先建后補、以獎代補的方式；在實施重點上，主要是圍繞水果、蔬菜等鮮活農產品，建設節(jié)能型的通風貯藏庫、機械冷庫、氣調貯藏庫以及配套的設施設備。重點結合田頭市場的建設，建立產地市場信息的采集機制?，F(xiàn)在各地也正在抓緊制定區(qū)域實施方案，組織開展相關的工作。
 
　　結語：支持倉儲保鮮冷鏈物流設施建設是現(xiàn)代農業(yè)重大牽引工程，也是促進產業(yè)消費“雙升級”的重要內容，是順應產業(yè)發(fā)展新趨勢，適應居民消費新需求，促進小農戶與現(xiàn)代農業(yè)有機銜接的重大舉措，對于穩(wěn)步脫貧攻堅的成效、加快鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施都具有重要意義。

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