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“每逢過年胖三斤”，常見的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物處理利用模式盤點

2020-01-27 08:30:27 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：25003 評論

導讀：“每逢過年胖三斤”，春節(jié)期間頻繁聚餐帶來的煩惱困擾著現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)年輕人。餐桌上那些大魚大肉更是無時不在彰顯自己的存在感，但是在我們感慨美食帶來的煩惱的時候，有多少人知道我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展帶來的其他問題是怎么解決的？

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】“每逢過年胖三斤”，春節(jié)期間頻繁聚餐帶來的煩惱困擾著現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)年輕人。餐桌上那些大魚大肉更是無時不在彰顯自己的存在感，但是在我們感慨美食帶來的煩惱的時候，有多少人知道我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展帶來的其他問題是怎么解決的？
 
　　近些年我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但是與之相對應的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理循環(huán)利用技術卻顯得相對滯后。未經(jīng)處理的畜禽糞便隨意堆放，造成空氣、水體以及土壤的污染，終危害身體健康。
 
　　目前常用的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理循環(huán)利用模式包括種養(yǎng)結合模式、清潔回用模式、達標排放模式、集中處理模式等。農(nóng)機網(wǎng)就此盤點集中常見的模式。
 
　　政府購買服務型
 
　　采用“政府+公司+合作社”的形式，建立政府依托有機肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，與其簽訂畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物收集處理合同，政府支付企業(yè)一定的補貼，有機肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)按照合同約定完成養(yǎng)殖合作社廢棄物收集處理的市場化、商業(yè)化運行的政府購買服務型畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理模式。能夠較好地實現(xiàn)糞便等養(yǎng)殖廢棄物“全量資源化”利用。
 
　　主要采用的技術模式包括：集中收集技術，即有機肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)對養(yǎng)殖廢棄物(糞便)進行訂單式收集拉運、收集；有機肥加工技術，即對糞便集中發(fā)酵處理、陳化堆放、翻拋充氧、粉碎攪拌、篩分包裝、有機肥銷售+訂單式蔬菜園區(qū)補貼銷售技術模式。
 
　　該技術模式通過集成配套糞污運輸車、條垛式有機肥翻拋機、粉碎機、攪拌機、篩分機、包裝機、固體有機肥撒肥機、液體有機肥撒肥機等農(nóng)機技術裝備實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)殖廢棄物的資源化處理。
 
　　企業(yè)主導型
 
　　養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)建立獨立的或尋求相應的工廠化處理設施設備，對自有養(yǎng)殖廢棄物(糞污、病死動物)進行達標排放的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理模式。養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)根據(jù)養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模設計建造與其相匹配的“雨污分流”，雨水回收利用，污水生化處理，固體糞肥還田利用，病死動物無害化處理系統(tǒng)對養(yǎng)殖廢棄物進行資源化處理。
 
　　主要采用的技術模式包括：固液分離技術，即養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)建立對養(yǎng)殖廢棄物進行雨污分離、固液分離處理，實現(xiàn)固體和液體廢棄物的有效分離；好氧堆肥處理技術，即固體糞便進行好養(yǎng)堆肥發(fā)酵處理，形成固體肥料，然后進行還田利用；污水處理技術，即通過承壓式絮凝反應器、疊螺脫水、好氧處理、厭氧處理、自然氧化降解處理后灌溉林地。
 
　　該技術模式通過集成配套糞污自動收集系統(tǒng)、格柵機、沉淀池、沉沙池、固液分離機、絮凝反應器、疊螺脫水機、好氧處理池、厭氧處理池、自然氧化塘等農(nóng)機化技術裝備，完成豬場糞污的資源化處理，生產(chǎn)有機肥，有機肥回用周邊蔬菜園區(qū)、果園、林地，實現(xiàn)糞污機械化處理—污水達標治理—污水澆灌的資源化處理回林利用。通過集成配套動物尸體轉運、儲存、加工等機械設備，采用生物降解+高溫殺菌相結合的分切、絞碎、發(fā)酵、殺菌、干燥機械化處理技術將動物尸體加工成生物有機肥，實現(xiàn)病死動物機械化收集處理—生物有機肥加工—生物有機肥資源化處理回田利用。
 
　　區(qū)域自消納型
 
　　養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)與周邊蔬菜園區(qū)、果園、大田種植戶、種植合作社等簽訂或口頭約定糞肥供應協(xié)議，養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)對糞污進行機械化、無害化、資源化處理。蔬菜園區(qū)、果園等使用養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)提供的糞肥、液肥，形成養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)配套“他人或自有農(nóng)田”，糞污區(qū)域內自行消納的運行模式。
 
　　主要采用的技術模式以沼氣工程技術為主體，重點集成配套糞污收集機械、轉運機械、固體糞肥撒施機、液體糞肥撒施機、沼液貯存池、輸送管道、固定式噴灌或移動式噴灌等技術裝備，糞污在區(qū)域范圍內自行消納循環(huán)利用，形成糞污機械化收集處理—沼氣工程—糞肥、沼液資源化處理回田利用技術模式。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：北京市農(nóng)機試驗鑒定推廣站，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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