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【熱點(diǎn)】是什么農(nóng)業(yè)黑科技讓外國(guó)網(wǎng)友驚嘆不已？

2019-05-22 16:57:53 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：42381 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：日前，香港《南華早報(bào)》一則報(bào)道“海水稻”的視頻，引發(fā)外國(guó)網(wǎng)友熱議。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】日前，香港《南華早報(bào)》一則報(bào)道“海水稻”的視頻，引發(fā)外國(guó)網(wǎng)友熱議。
 
　　“這簡(jiǎn)直太酷了，這樣的研發(fā)才是長(zhǎng)久之道！”
 
　　“如果這一切都實(shí)現(xiàn)了，那么饑餓問(wèn)題可以得到解決。”
 
　　“終于看到一條關(guān)乎*突破創(chuàng)新的新聞。”
 

        “海水稻”是什么？
 
　　溫飽問(wèn)題一度是困擾中國(guó)人民的頭等大事和緊迫的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在很多老人憶苦思甜的時(shí)候還能回憶起曾經(jīng)餓肚子的經(jīng)歷。在二十世紀(jì)八十年代我國(guó)曾經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)出一大批描寫大饑荒年代的作家，他們把自己挨餓的真實(shí)感受通過(guò)文字描述出來(lái)，路遙就在《在困難的日子里》寫道：“糧食已經(jīng)少得再不能少了，每頓飯只能在野菜湯里像調(diào)料一樣撒上一點(diǎn)。父子二人全憑一點(diǎn)當(dāng)年喂豬喂剩的陳谷糠和一點(diǎn)榆樹(shù)葉子維持著生活。”
 
　　據(jù)第二次全國(guó)土壤普查資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，在不包括濱海灘涂的前提下，我國(guó)鹽漬土面積為3487萬(wàn)公頃，約為5億畝，可開(kāi)發(fā)利用的面積多達(dá)2億多畝，占我國(guó)耕地總面積的10%左右?？梢哉f(shuō)，將鹽堿地變?yōu)榱继?，讓更多的土地種上更多的糧食一直是人們的夢(mèng)想。而現(xiàn)在，夢(mèng)想正逐漸成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。
 
　　“海水稻”是耐鹽堿水稻的俗稱，是在海邊灘涂等鹽堿地生長(zhǎng)的特殊水稻。我國(guó)海水稻培育從1986年開(kāi)始，相關(guān)科研人員做了大量基礎(chǔ)工作，近年來(lái)，中國(guó)工程院院士袁隆平帶領(lǐng)研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)在我國(guó)多地試驗(yàn)種植耐鹽堿水稻，為我國(guó)大面積鹽堿地篩選優(yōu)勢(shì)海水稻品種。今年，海水稻種植測(cè)試面積更是將從1萬(wàn)畝擴(kuò)大至近2萬(wàn)畝，在耕地資源有限的前提下，將鹽堿地資源進(jìn)行有效利用，為我國(guó)糧食安全拓展出新領(lǐng)域。
 
　　“海水稻”要在哪些方面重點(diǎn)研發(fā)攻關(guān)？
 
　　“你要水稻產(chǎn)量高，要四良配套，良種良法良田良態(tài)。主要是品種，品種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效，它只要改變種子，它的成本低。”中國(guó)工程院院士青島海水稻研究發(fā)展中心主任袁隆平表示。
 
　　從2012年開(kāi)始，袁隆平院士團(tuán)隊(duì)就從核心的選育工作下手，建立耐鹽堿水稻種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)，利用雜交水稻技術(shù)等多技術(shù)手段，篩選了一批具有較高耐鹽堿特性的水稻種植品系。由湖南省雜交水稻研究中心、青島海水稻研發(fā)中心等10多家單位組成的國(guó)家耐鹽堿水稻區(qū)域試驗(yàn)聯(lián)合體，在2018年的區(qū)域試驗(yàn)中，北方中早粳晚熟組、南方沿海秈稻組和黃淮粳稻組三個(gè)組別，共28個(gè)品種通過(guò)了2018年區(qū)域試驗(yàn)。
 
　　在土壤改造方面，也進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)研發(fā)攻關(guān)。在新疆、山東、浙江、黑龍江、陜西等全國(guó)五大類型鹽堿地區(qū)域進(jìn)行綜合改良測(cè)試，總示范面積已經(jīng)近萬(wàn)畝。青島海水稻研發(fā)中心的鹽堿荒地經(jīng)過(guò)兩年間的一系列科學(xué)改造，2018已經(jīng)達(dá)到畝產(chǎn)260公斤。
 
　　青島海水稻研究基地的灌溉用水含鹽量為0.6%，為了提高產(chǎn)量，研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)在水肥循環(huán)、自動(dòng)化控制等方面也有所嘗試和突破。其中一種大約在地下的1.2到1.8米左右的管網(wǎng)起到了重要作用，當(dāng)鹽分隨著水往上走的時(shí)候會(huì)被管網(wǎng)直接給吸收走，經(jīng)過(guò)過(guò)濾后的耕作層能夠有效減少次生鹽堿化問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生。
 
　　關(guān)于“海水稻”的未來(lái)，袁隆平表示：“我們計(jì)劃花八年的時(shí)間，在全國(guó)的鹽堿地種上一億畝的海水稻，每畝按低的產(chǎn)量300公斤，一億畝每年可以增產(chǎn)糧食300億公斤，多養(yǎng)活八千萬(wàn)到一億人口。”

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