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夏至：白晝漸長(zhǎng)， 農(nóng)事繁忙

2018-06-21 17:42:53 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：27813 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：作為二十四節(jié)氣中個(gè)被確認(rèn)的一個(gè)節(jié)氣，開始先人是用先人的采用土圭測(cè)日影確定的。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】“夏至，日北至，日長(zhǎng)之至，日影短至，故曰夏至。至者，極也。”
 
　　——《恪遵憲度抄本》
 
　　作為二十四節(jié)氣中個(gè)被確認(rèn)的一個(gè)節(jié)氣，開始先人是用先人的采用土圭測(cè)日影確定的。
 
　　這一天開始，太陽(yáng)幾乎直射北回歸線，到達(dá)一年的北端，北半球各地迎來一年中白晝長(zhǎng)的一天。都說“不過夏至不熱”，夏至后的氣溫會(huì)繼續(xù)升高，再過二三十天，就會(huì)進(jìn)入一年當(dāng)中熱的時(shí)候。同時(shí)，由于這個(gè)時(shí)間段的地面受熱強(qiáng)烈，空氣對(duì)流旺盛，午后到傍晚時(shí)候經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)雷陣雨天氣。這種熱雷雨往往來的突然，并且時(shí)間短降雨范圍小，人們稱“夏雨隔田坎”。
 
　　夏至后進(jìn)入三伏天，氣溫持續(xù)升高的同時(shí)光照足，雨水增多，良好的天氣條件使得農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)旺盛。當(dāng)然，與此同時(shí)，伴隨而來的就是害蟲、雜草的迅速滋長(zhǎng)蔓延，它們不僅與作物爭(zhēng)水爭(zhēng)肥爭(zhēng)陽(yáng)光，而且是多種病菌和害蟲的寄主，老話常說：“夏至不鋤根邊草，如同養(yǎng)下毒蛇咬。”因此，務(wù)必要加強(qiáng)田間管理工作。高原牧區(qū)也將迎來草肥畜旺的黃金季節(jié)。
 
　　夏至節(jié)氣是華南東部全年雨量多的節(jié)氣，往后常受副熱帶高壓控制，出現(xiàn)伏旱。為了增強(qiáng)抗旱能力，奪取農(nóng)業(yè)豐收，在這些地區(qū)，搶蓄伏前雨水是一項(xiàng)重要措施。
 
　　另外，夏至?xí)r節(jié)正是江淮一帶的“梅雨”季節(jié)，這時(shí)正是江南梅子黃熟期，空氣非常潮濕，冷、暖空氣團(tuán)在這里交匯，并形成一道低壓槽，導(dǎo)致陰雨連綿的天氣。一方面，對(duì)于夏旱地區(qū)來說自然是喜大普奔，并且在淮河以南地區(qū)，早稻抽穗揚(yáng)花，田間水分管理上要求足水抽穗，濕潤(rùn)灌漿，干干濕濕，這樣才能既滿足水稻結(jié)實(shí)對(duì)水分的需要，又能透氣養(yǎng)根，保證活熟到老，提高籽粒重；但另一方面而言，頻繁發(fā)生的暴雨天氣容易造成洪澇災(zāi)害，對(duì)于農(nóng)作物尤其是旱作物來說也是不利于生長(zhǎng)的。因此，要特別注意作好防洪準(zhǔn)備，雨季到來之前將田間排水溝挖好，有堵塞的及早疏通，確保降雨后田間不積水、不澇地；對(duì)溫室墻體、屋頂?shù)嚷┯瓴课贿M(jìn)行檢查和修繕，防止雨季坍塌；對(duì)草苫、保溫被等存放情況進(jìn)行檢查，確保不因漏雨而造成損失。
 
　　對(duì)于瓜果蔬菜，要及時(shí)采摘，科學(xué)合理澆水施肥，做好病蟲害的防治工作。而針對(duì)大棚作物，也要注意在降雨時(shí)不要掀開溫室棚膜，盡量避免雨淋到作物，避免雨水帶來細(xì)菌，導(dǎo)致蔬菜染病。
 
　　在水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖方面，隨著氣溫的升高，池塘水溫也達(dá)到了二十七度左右，這個(gè)溫度是魚蝦適宜生長(zhǎng)的溫度，它們的攝食強(qiáng)度會(huì)加大，餌料利用率提高，進(jìn)入生長(zhǎng)旺期。這時(shí)候，養(yǎng)殖戶可以適當(dāng)增加餌料投喂了量，并注意預(yù)防病害的發(fā)生。定期使用一些消毒藥物，殺滅水體中的病原菌、病原體，適當(dāng)用一些微生態(tài)制劑，包括光合細(xì)菌、芽孢桿菌等這些，通過生物的辦法，抑制病原微生物的大量滋生。
 
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