聚焦上合：農(nóng)業(yè)合作新亮點

2018-06-12 11:08:59 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34323 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】《齊民要術(shù)》載：“漢武帝使張騫至大宛，取蒲陶實，于離宮別館傍盡種之”。對于農(nóng)業(yè)而言，絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶自古便是中西方農(nóng)作物品種交流的重要通道。近日，上海合作組織成員國元首理事會第十八次會議在山東青島舉行，這為各國的農(nóng)業(yè)合作提供了新契機。
 
　　我國與上其他國家在自然資源以及農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟等方面存在差異性、互補性，為共同合作提供了可能。同時，我們知道“一帶一路”倡議的提出，有利于國家間加強農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟技術(shù)交流。而“一帶一路”倡議首先便是由上合組織創(chuàng)始成員國之一的哈薩克斯坦提出的，這使得上合組織天然成為深化合作、加強互聯(lián)互通的重要平臺。
 
　　季節(jié)、市場、技術(shù)的差異性、互補性為合作提供可能
 
　　上合組織成員國位于世界糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)，其中，中亞和俄羅斯位于黑土地帶，主產(chǎn)小麥、大豆、玉米，中國和南亞盛產(chǎn)水稻、水果、蔬菜等，另外，由于哈薩克斯坦和俄羅斯冬季漫長寒冷,對反季節(jié)蔬菜水果需求量大。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品與資源差異性明顯，互補性強，具有開展農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易與投資合作的優(yōu)勢。
 
　　同時俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦等國由于農(nóng)地資源充裕，出口的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主要以土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為主，對勞動密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有巨大的市場需求，這與中國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易形成了較強的互補性。
 
　　在技術(shù)層面，相比任何國家，中國雜交水稻育種技術(shù)都要，而相比“一帶一路”沿線國，中國部分農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)存在技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，或產(chǎn)品性價比優(yōu)勢。同時，政府不僅鼓勵優(yōu)勢技術(shù)“走出去”，并且在資金制度等層面都給予了大力支持，有利于各國揚長補短，共同合作發(fā)展。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)合作成為大合作亮點之一
 
　　2003年，《上海合作組織多邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作綱要》把農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的合作作為經(jīng)濟合作的優(yōu)先方向之一。
 
　　2006年，第5次上海合作組織元首峰會決議明確將農(nóng)業(yè)列為優(yōu)先合作方向，將農(nóng)業(yè)合作從一般合作提高到優(yōu)先合作級別。
 
　　2010年，上海合作組織首屆農(nóng)業(yè)部長會議簽署《成員國政府間農(nóng)業(yè)合作協(xié)定》，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的合作機制得以確立。
 
　　2014年，上合組織第三次農(nóng)業(yè)部長會議簽署了《上海合作組織第三次農(nóng)業(yè)部長會議紀(jì)要》，審議通過了《〈上海合作組織政府間農(nóng)業(yè)合作協(xié)定〉2015-2016年農(nóng)業(yè)合作計劃》。
 
　　……
 
　　我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟合作一直處于上合組織合作的重要位置，農(nóng)業(yè)成為上合組織大的合作亮點之一。隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，各國之間的交流合作也更加深化，我國向俄羅斯和中亞國家進(jìn)一步開放市場。
 
　　糧食安全生產(chǎn)進(jìn)一步深化合作，前景廣闊
 
　　“民以食為天，食以安為先”，龐大的人口使得我國歷朝歷代都將糧食安全奉為圭臬和社會穩(wěn)定要素。而事實上，不管是哪個國家，糧食生產(chǎn)安全都在維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定、推動社會發(fā)展方面占據(jù)重要地位，這與我國的糧食發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略不謀而合。
 
　　另外，我國與俄羅斯等地存在的產(chǎn)品、季節(jié)差異性、互補性都更加有利于我國利用資源，拓展發(fā)展空間，與其他國家進(jìn)一步深化合作，在更高層次實現(xiàn)糧食供需動態(tài)平衡、保障國家糧食安全。
 
　　不過，在政策方面糧食生產(chǎn)安全尚存在一些政策方面的制約。比如說進(jìn)口俄羅斯的面粉、白糖，需要許可證，在一定程度尚限制了進(jìn)口。隨著合作的橫向縱向的不斷深化，降低關(guān)稅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，消除貿(mào)易壁壘，真正實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)合作健康有序發(fā)展指日可待。
 
　　此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：三農(nóng)中國，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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