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三月油菜花正旺:不僅花要美,更要美出產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈
2018-03-23
14:53:50
來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量:32033
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導(dǎo)讀:陽春三月,正是油菜花盛開的季節(jié),走在田間地頭,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去金黃一片,美景如畫、花香四溢。正值油菜花佳觀賞季節(jié),我國很多地方爭相舉辦油菜花節(jié),吸引了絡(luò)繹不絕的游客流連忘返。然而,油菜花只有觀賞價值嗎?在一片“油菜花熱”的背后,如何使油菜花形成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、實現(xiàn)其大的農(nóng)業(yè)價值?
【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 陽春三月,正是油菜花盛開的季節(jié),走在田間地頭,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去金黃一片,美景如畫、花香四溢。正值油菜花佳觀賞季節(jié),我國很多地方爭相舉辦油菜花節(jié),吸引了絡(luò)繹不絕的游客流連忘返。然而,油菜花只有觀賞價值嗎?在一片“油菜花熱”的背后,如何使油菜花形成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、實現(xiàn)其大的農(nóng)業(yè)價值?
我國是油菜生產(chǎn)大國,種植面積和產(chǎn)量長期穩(wěn)居世界*,同時油菜也是我國重要的油料作物,我國每年對油菜籽的需求量保持在800萬噸以上。油菜的價值和需求決定了油菜花必須走產(chǎn)業(yè)化道路,逐步實現(xiàn)油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn),這也是實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的必走之路。
油菜花有什么價值?
油菜花作為重要的油料作物,主要的價值是油菜籽可以榨油食用,且油菜籽含油量可以達到30%~50%,榨油率較高;油菜籽除了客戶榨油作為食用油外,還可以轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油。由華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)研發(fā)的“油菜籽直接轉(zhuǎn)化生物柴油技術(shù)”,以菜籽為原料、不經(jīng)壓榨直接提取油脂并轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油的工藝路線,被認(rèn)為整體達到了先進水平,這對緩解我國能源緊張問題有一定幫助;油菜餅粕可做生物飼料和肥料,可同步發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)和糧食作物種植;觀賞價值,開發(fā)油菜田的旅游價值可增加當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟收入。
既然油菜花全身是寶,為何近幾年種植量一直在下降,目前也并沒有形成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈?
業(yè)內(nèi)人士分析認(rèn)為,2015年開始,國家取消了油菜籽臨時收儲政策, 農(nóng)民種植收益大幅減少。據(jù)了解,每畝油菜一般收獲菜籽270斤左右,每斤價格2元,而直接的物化成本就接近200元,這還不包括勞動力和土地租金成本,算下來基本上沒什么收益。有農(nóng)戶說,他們家原來10多畝地都會種上油菜,現(xiàn)在只種2、3畝供自己榨油。
除此之外,油菜作物機械化水平不高嚴(yán)重制約了油料的生產(chǎn),尤其是油料機械化收獲是短板,如油菜移栽仍以人工為主,用工多、成本高,機械化移栽技術(shù)還處于試驗階段。
收獲機總體上停留在模仿和組裝階段,核心部件依賴進口,機械性能不高,作業(yè)效率、損耗率、使用壽命、安全性和舒適性等與進口機械差距較大,功能比較單一。總的來說,油料作物耕種收機械化水平遠(yuǎn)低于大宗糧食作物。
推廣全程機械化生產(chǎn),形成油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈
2018年中央一號文件提出全面實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,為油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn)送來了政策春風(fēng)。以油菜大省湖南為例,湖南省委、省政府高度重視實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,迅速作出全面部署和系統(tǒng)安排,將油菜列為實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)重點產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,加快推動油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)向水平發(fā)展。政策指出,生產(chǎn)大戶、家庭農(nóng)場、合作社等新型經(jīng)營主體有實力、會經(jīng)營、懂技術(shù),他們購置各型機械化
生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,在油菜生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用機械精量直播、機械旋耕+人工撒播、機械聯(lián)合收割等各式機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù),在自身實現(xiàn)機械化的同時,還為周邊農(nóng)戶提供機械化生產(chǎn)服務(wù),成為推動油菜生產(chǎn)全程機械化的主要力量。油菜全程機械化生產(chǎn),有效地緩解作物搭配季節(jié)矛盾和勞動力緊缺矛盾,降低了生產(chǎn)成本,增加了效益,有利于推動油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的形成。
油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)市場前景廣闊,經(jīng)濟效益可觀,必須進一步挖掘生產(chǎn)潛力,提升產(chǎn)業(yè)素質(zhì),推動油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)向水平發(fā)展,促進我國邁向向油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)強國。
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