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如何用昂貴的稀缺勞動(dòng)力提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率？

2018-03-05 16:57:31 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：45908 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：相信許多在外的游子春節(jié)回家明顯的感覺是爸媽又老了許多，的確，對(duì)于許多農(nóng)村出身的打工族來說，父母就成了留守在農(nóng)村的空心老人，許多農(nóng)事活動(dòng)也一并壓到了年事已高的老齡人身上，對(duì)于日漸嚴(yán)峻的勞動(dòng)力老齡化問題，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)應(yīng)該拿出應(yīng)有的責(zé)任感和使命感，為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的變革和創(chuàng)新出一份力。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 相信許多在外的游子春節(jié)回家明顯的感覺是爸媽又老了許多，的確，對(duì)于許多農(nóng)村出身的打工族來說，父母就成了留守在農(nóng)村的空心老人，許多農(nóng)事活動(dòng)也一并壓到了年事已高的老齡人身上，對(duì)于日漸嚴(yán)峻的勞動(dòng)力老齡化問題，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)應(yīng)該拿出應(yīng)有的責(zé)任感和使命感，為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的變革和創(chuàng)新出一份力。
 
　　在2月25日舉行的第三屆中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)投入品行業(yè)形勢(shì)分析會(huì)上一個(gè)問題引起了與會(huì)人員的熱議：同樣的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，為何我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的玉米、大豆成本要比美國(guó)高出近一倍？“其中主要的一個(gè)因素就是人工成本高，據(jù)測(cè)算，我們的人工成本大概要比美國(guó)高10到20倍！”農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)機(jī)化司司長(zhǎng)李偉國(guó)表示，要提高農(nóng)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和農(nóng)業(yè)效益問題，根本的出路在于降低生產(chǎn)成本。
 
　　如何用昂貴的稀缺勞動(dòng)力，生產(chǎn)出更多、更安全、更的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，這是業(yè)界發(fā)展所面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)，同時(shí)也在倒逼農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的提升，這對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)也提出了更高的要求，是機(jī)遇也是挑戰(zhàn)，如何化解有限的人力和率的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾，這是農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)需要探索并踐行的事業(yè)。
 
 
　　2018年是我國(guó)著力實(shí)行鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的開局之年，農(nóng)業(yè)作為鄉(xiāng)村振興的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，如果還停留在傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式上，必然是跟不上鄉(xiāng)村振興的發(fā)展步伐的，所以，近幾年，我國(guó)正大力推行糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化事業(yè)，力求早日實(shí)現(xiàn)全程機(jī)械化的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式，促進(jìn)我國(guó)由農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)向農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變。
 
　　多年來，我國(guó)雖然是農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，但與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，還存在著不小的差距，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備整體的弊端暴露也特別明顯，“三高三低”、“三多三少”現(xiàn)象尤為突出。
 
　　從作物上看，小麥、水稻、玉米三大主糧綜合機(jī)械化水平較高，棉油糖經(jīng)濟(jì)作物綜合機(jī)械化水平較低；從產(chǎn)業(yè)上看，種植業(yè)機(jī)械化水平相對(duì)較高，養(yǎng)殖業(yè)包括還有一些特殊的產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平比較低。
 
　　“三多三少”主要是表現(xiàn)在小馬力、中低端機(jī)械較多，大馬力、高品質(zhì)機(jī)械較少；粗放型單向農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)比較多，精細(xì)型復(fù)式作業(yè)較少；小規(guī)模自用型農(nóng)戶較多，大規(guī)模專業(yè)化、社會(huì)化、農(nóng)機(jī)化服務(wù)組織總體還不夠。
 
　　針對(duì)這些問題，根本的還是需解決農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)問題，提高研發(fā)制造水平，推動(dòng) 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)融合發(fā)展，對(duì)土地進(jìn)行宜機(jī)化改造，創(chuàng)造有利于農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)的地塊環(huán)境，進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化進(jìn)程。而重要的，還得是農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)模式創(chuàng)新了，培育專業(yè)化、綜合性的農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織，完善農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)模式，在加快構(gòu)建農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)體系的同時(shí)，對(duì)培養(yǎng)一支新型農(nóng)機(jī)化人才隊(duì)伍也大有裨益。
 

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