談農(nóng)機(jī)智能化：矛盾的主要根源在于“人”

2017-11-22 13:32:18 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：50650 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】聚集著阿里、網(wǎng)易等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭公司的杭州，可以說已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)不折不扣的大數(shù)據(jù)智能化城市。

　　據(jù)悉，目前大規(guī)模的人工智能公共系統(tǒng)——阿里云ET城市大腦已在杭州落地。該“大腦”已經(jīng)接管了杭州128個(gè)信號(hào)燈路口，讓試點(diǎn)區(qū)域的通行時(shí)間減少15.3%，高架道路的出行時(shí)間節(jié)省4.6分鐘。在主城區(qū)，城市大腦日均報(bào)警500次以上，準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到92%；在蕭山，120救護(hù)車到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)間縮短一半。近日，“依托阿里云公司建設(shè)城市大腦國(guó)家新一代人工智能開放創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)”已被科技部批準(zhǔn)成為國(guó)家首批新一代人工智能開放創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)之一。
 
　　在“大腦”的管理下，杭州的發(fā)展會(huì)變得更加智能化，杭州的生活節(jié)奏也變得越來(lái)越快，不過，“大腦”在杭州的試點(diǎn)也告知了各大城市：讓數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)幫城市思考和做決策的日子就要來(lái)臨了。而在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，近年來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)的研究和應(yīng)用引起社會(huì)各界及國(guó)家的密切關(guān)注，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的滲透開始顛覆傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)模式，但在應(yīng)用過程中遇到諸多阻礙。筆者認(rèn)為推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展，首先應(yīng)該解決的基本核心的問題還是“人”。
 
　　智能化水平提高  “人”自身素養(yǎng)需與之匹配
 
　　城市智能化發(fā)展越來(lái)越快，所需要的高科技人才也越來(lái)越多。人類科學(xué)素質(zhì)的提高推動(dòng)科技的發(fā)展，農(nóng)民自身素養(yǎng)的提高也將是推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技化發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿Α?/strong>在建立健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制和政策體系，加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的指導(dǎo)要求下，新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
 
　　在國(guó)家的大力支持下，全國(guó)各地市紛紛鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民通過學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)成為新時(shí)代下的新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民，例如，安徽出臺(tái)的新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民實(shí)施辦法指出，重點(diǎn)培訓(xùn)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民素養(yǎng)、涉農(nóng)政策法規(guī)、現(xiàn)代生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化建設(shè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)保、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品牌化經(jīng)營(yíng)、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”農(nóng)業(yè)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)與管理等內(nèi)容。專業(yè)技能課，重點(diǎn)培訓(xùn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色增產(chǎn)增效攻關(guān)模式、良種良法配套、農(nóng)信農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合、一控兩減三基本、農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品儲(chǔ)藏保鮮加工等技術(shù)技能。
 
　　在國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)各地市開展新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)的同時(shí)，今年4月，農(nóng)業(yè)部和歐盟共同簽署《聯(lián)合聲明》，啟動(dòng)中歐青年職業(yè)農(nóng)民和農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)用人才能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，旨在為中歐雙方青年農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)用人才提供互學(xué)互鑒的平臺(tái)。2017年11月5日至19日，來(lái)自希臘、意大利等9個(gè)歐盟成員國(guó)的首批來(lái)華青年農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)用人才在北京、廣東和廣西參觀了農(nóng)場(chǎng)、合作社、大學(xué)及農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)等，與當(dāng)?shù)氐那嗄贽r(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)用人才就未來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇進(jìn)行了交流。
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn) 靠的是“人”
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是農(nóng)業(yè)智能化的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志，但農(nóng)業(yè)智能化的實(shí)現(xiàn)并不是只有農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化。
 
　　近年來(lái)，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品種類不斷增加、生產(chǎn)能力日益增強(qiáng)，一些大型、、節(jié)能型裝備研發(fā)制造取得積極進(jìn)展，為我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化事業(yè)快速發(fā)展提供了良好保障。2015年，全國(guó)規(guī)模以上農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)企業(yè)主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入達(dá)到了4523億元，全國(guó)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到63%。
 
　　2016年，三部門(工業(yè)和信息化部、農(nóng)業(yè)部、發(fā)展改革委)聯(lián)合印發(fā)《農(nóng)機(jī)裝備發(fā)展行動(dòng)方案(2016-2025)》，明確我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備發(fā)展的方向和重點(diǎn)任務(wù)。2017年11月16日，為貫徹落實(shí)《農(nóng)機(jī)裝備發(fā)展行動(dòng)方案(2016-2025)》，加快推進(jìn)智能制造在農(nóng)機(jī)裝備行業(yè)的推廣和應(yīng)用，工業(yè)和信息化部裝備工業(yè)司在洛陽(yáng)市組織召開了農(nóng)機(jī)裝備行業(yè)智能制造試點(diǎn)示范現(xiàn)場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流會(huì)。
 
　　但是，如果核心的“人”的素養(yǎng)與機(jī)械的發(fā)展不相匹配，將會(huì)使矛盾變得更加尖銳。例如，在某地的新型農(nóng)民實(shí)施方案中指出，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)型主要培訓(xùn)種養(yǎng)大戶、家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)主、農(nóng)民合作社骨干等；專業(yè)技能型主要培訓(xùn)農(nóng)業(yè)工人、農(nóng)業(yè)雇員等；專業(yè)服務(wù)型主要培訓(xùn)農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)人員、統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治植保員、村級(jí)動(dòng)物防疫員。
 
　　在我國(guó)，以家庭種植為主要方式的農(nóng)業(yè)占據(jù)大部分，也就是說，大部分農(nóng)民都只是經(jīng)營(yíng)好自己的幾畝田地。然而，在此實(shí)施方案中要求的培訓(xùn)對(duì)象只是大型的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，以及農(nóng)場(chǎng)的雇員等，并不包括“散戶”農(nóng)民。因此，在筆者看來(lái)，這份實(shí)施方案中所培訓(xùn)的對(duì)象并不全面。隨著農(nóng)民文化素質(zhì)的不斷提升，農(nóng)機(jī)部門若將“散戶”農(nóng)民也召集起來(lái)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化培訓(xùn)，我國(guó)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民的隊(duì)伍將會(huì)越來(lái)越壯大，對(duì)于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機(jī)化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)來(lái)講，人的力量是巨大的。
 
　　中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.qktnz.cn)原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。
 

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